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C Strings

The document provides an overview of strings in C++, explaining the two types: C-style character strings and the string class type. It covers string declaration, initialization, basic operations like counting, comparing, copying, concatenating, and searching within strings. Additionally, it includes examples and references for further reading.

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1 views33 pages

C Strings

The document provides an overview of strings in C++, explaining the two types: C-style character strings and the string class type. It covers string declaration, initialization, basic operations like counting, comparing, copying, concatenating, and searching within strings. Additionally, it includes examples and references for further reading.

Uploaded by

1801434
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C++ Strings

Strings

 Strings are used for storing text.


 A string variable contains a
collection of characters surrounded
by double quotes.
 C++ provides following two types of string
representations −
• The C-style character string.
• The string class type introduced with Standard
C++.
The C-Style Character String
 Array of characters
terminated by NULL
character ‘\0’.
 The null character
indicates the end of
the string.
 Strings are always
enclosed by double
quotes. Whereas,
character is enclosed
by single quotes.
Character vs. String
A string constant is a sequence of
characters enclosed in double quotes.
 For example, the character string:

char s1[2]="a"; //Takes two bytes of storage.


s1: a \0

 On the other hand, the character, in single quotes:

char s2= `a`; //Takes only one byte of storage.

s2: a
Character vs. String
The C-Style Character String:
Declaring and Initializing Strings

Actually, you do not place the null character


at the end of a string constant. The C++
compiler automatically places the '\0' at the
end of the string when it initializes the array.
Example 1
Example 2
The String Class in C++
Example 3
Example 4: using the get
function
 In
order to read an entire line of
characters including the spaces, C+
+ uses the “get’ function.
Example 5: using the getline
function
Example 6
Basic Operations

 Counting the number of characters


in a string
 Comparing strings
 Copying a string
 Combining strings
 Searching within a string
Example 7
Counting the number of characters in a
string : Using strlen()

It is defined in <cstring> header file.


Counting the number of characters in
a string: using the length function

 The length method returns the


number of characters in a string,
including spaces and punctuation.
 Like many of the string operations,
length is a member function, and we
invoke member functions using dot
notation.
 str.length().
Example 8
Counting the number of characters in a
string: using the length function
Comparing two strings

 Stringsin C++ can be compared


using either of the following
techniques:
• String strcmp() function
• In-built compare() function
• C++ Relational Operators ( ‘==’ , ‘!
=’ )
Comparing two strings:
using strcmp()

It is defined in <cstring> header file.


Example 9
Comparing two strings:
using compare()
 Thecompare() function compares
two strings and returns the following
values according to the matching
cases:
Example 10
Example 11: Comparing two strings:
using relational operators
Copying a string

 using = assignment operator


 Using strcpy() function
Example 12
Copying a string using the
assignment operator
Example 13
Copying a string using strcpy()
Concatenate two strings

 The + operator can be used between


strings to add them together to
make a new string.
 Using strcat()
 Using append
Example 14: Using +
operator
Example 15: Using
strcat()
Example 16: using append
function
Searching within a
string
 Thestring member function find is
used to search within a string for a
particular string or character.
Example 17: using find
function
References

 https://www.journaldev.com/
 https://web.stanford.edu/class/archiv
e/cs/cs106b/cs106b.1132/handouts/0
8-C++-Strings.pdf
 https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplus
plus/cpp_strings.htm
 https://www.w3schools.com/cpp/
cpp_strings.asp

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