Programming 1 - Lecture 1
Programming 1 - Lecture 1
Lecture 1
Introduction to Programming
1
Facilitators
SCIT’s Phone Number: 876-9271680-8 ext 2164
• Module Overview
• Organization of Classes
• Schedule of learning activities and
assessments
• Assessment Breakdown
3
Module Overview
4
Organization of Classes
ule
ed
ch
s
ss
ce
ac
to
re
he
k
il c
C
6
Assessment Breakdown
• Coursework 60%
Tutorial Test 5%
Lab Test #1 5%
Lab Test #2 5%
Lecture Test 15%
• Continuous Assessment (Project)** 30%
• Final Exam 40%
(** Every topic has an associated worksheet. You are
expected to complete all questions from each worksheet and
compile the solutions in a portfolio. Details of portfolio will
be given later. This is not a trivial activity and should not be
taken lightly.
7
Lesson Objectives:
9
What is Programming?
• Programming is the process of instructing the
computer to accomplish a particular task.
• It is done with the help of a programming language.
• When the program is executed, the instructions will
be converted into machine language (to be
discussed later), which is the only language that the
computer understands.
• There are different levels of programming
languages and there are also different
programming paradigms.
10
Programming Paradigms
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-of-programming-p
aradigms
/ 11
Tutorial Activity
12
Answer – Levels of
Programming Languages
• Low Level
• Machine language
• Assembly language
• High Level
• Third generation
• Fourth generation
• Fifth generation
13
Machine Language
14
Assembly Language
• Uses Mnemonics or
abbreviations that corresponds
with a machine code
instruction. It is machine
dependent.
• Examples of Mnemonic LDA-
Loads a value from a memory
address. STA- Stores a value in
a memory address. ADD- Adds
value held in a memory address
to the value held in the
accumulator, and you have SUB
and MOV. 15
Third Generation
• High-level computer Eg. Python code
programming language that
tends to be more machine-
independent and programmer-
friendly than the machine
code of the first-generation.
• High level Eg
language used for SELECT FROM
report generators Student, Lname,
and query Fname WHERE city
languages. It = “Spanish Town
reads and process
data and place ORDER BY LNAME
results in report
form. It is non-
procedural and it 17
is machine
Fifth Generation
18
Examples of
Programming Languages
• PASCAL
• BASIC4
• C
• PYTHON
• C# (C Sharp)
• Visual Basic
20
Answer
21
Software Development Life Cycle
versus Program Development Cycle
22
Software Development Life Cycle
versus Program Development Cycle
25
Analyze the Current
System
27
Activities - UTech’s
Portal
Drop module
• Apply online for
Add module
Select modules
studentship
View time table • Generate time
Access online classes
table
View accounting transactions
Send email • View calendar of
Access online library
events
Enter grades
Edit grades
Print class list
28
Activities – ATM Machine
• Withdraw funds
• Deposit funds
• Check balance
• Transfer funds
• Pay bills
• Buy credit
29
Analyze the Current
System
• The activities you listed were identified
in the Analysis phase of the software
development phase
30
Design the New System
32
Develop the new System
33
Implement the New
System
• Distribute the system to all of the
knowledge workers and they begin
using the system to perform their
everyday jobs. This is also referred to
as deployment
34
Maintain the New
System
• Monitor and support the new system to
ensure it continues to meet the business
goals
35
First, Do It By
Hand!
• Upon being handed a problem, you
may first want to start coding – don’t!
• First solve the problem by hand.
• If you can’t do that, then you can’t
code it.
36
The PDC
37
The Program
Development Cycle (PDC)
• Among the third and fourth step in the SDLC is
the design (third step) and development (fourth
step) of computer programs (Application layer).
Programmers carry out these steps.
• Just like the SDLC, we follow a series of steps
or phases to develop a program. These steps
are called the program development life cycle.
The program development life cycle is a set of
steps or phases that are used to develop a
program in any programming language.
38
Steps of the PDC
• The steps are outlined as follows:
• Identify the input, processing, output and storage
requirements (IPOS)
• Develop the logic for the program - using an algorithm
• Test the logic for correctness – using a trace table
• Write the program using a programming language
• Test and debug the program
• Complete the program documentation
• Internal – comments inside the code
• External – outside the code for example a flowchart or
pseudo-code, IPO chart
39
Algorithms & Trace
Tables
• An algorithm is a finite sequence of instructions that
provides the solution to a problem. It is finite
because the solution must have an end point.
• A trace table is a technique used to test an
algorithm and predict step by step how the
computer will run the algorithm. It can be used to
understand or predict what an algorithm is doing
and to identify potential logic errors
41
Answer
42
We will be using the steps in the PDC
to develop our programming solutions
43
What is PYTHON
• PYTHON is a general-purpose high level computer
programming language that allows programmers
to create applications, web pages and many other
type of software. It is used as a scripting
language and a programming language.
• Use the link below to broaden your knowledge
about Python
• https://www.tutorialspoint.com/history-of-python
44
C Language
C
In the Tutorial
46
In the “Lab”
47
Next Class
48