1st Quarter

Practical Research 2

Module 1

Nature of Inquiry and

Research
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Quantitative Research

Lesson 1 – Introduction to Quantitative Research

Lesson 2 – Quantitative Research Across Fields

Lesson 3 – Variables in Quantitative Research

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At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Describe the characteristics, strengths, weaknesses,

and kinds of quantitative research (CS_RS12-Ia-c-1);
2. Illustrate the importance of quantitative research
across fields (CS_RS12-Ia-c-2);
3. Differentiate the kinds of variables and their uses
(CS_RS12-Ia-c-3);
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Activity 1: Finding clues

Directions: Group the following word clues if they are characteristics of Quantitative
Research (Box A) or Qualitative Research (Box B).

1. Measurable 6. Text-based 11.

Subjective
2. Behavior 7. Intervention
12. Small sample
3. Statistical 8. Experimental group 13.
Tables & charts
4. Narrative 9. Unstructured observation 14.
Deductive
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Quantitative research uses scientifically collected and statistically

analyzed data to investigate observable phenomena. A phenomenon is any
existing or observable fact or situation that we want to unearth further or
understand. It is scientific for the fact that it uses a scientific method in
designing and collecting numerical data. Once data is collected, it will
undergo statistical analysis like Pearson’s r, t-test and Analysis of Variance
(ANOVA) for analysis. Since data is analyzed statistically, it is imperative
that the data obtained must be numerical and quantifiable, hence its name
quantitative research.
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Characteristics of Quantitative Research

1. LARGE SAMPLE SIZE. To obtain more meaningful statistical result, the data must come from a
large sample size.

2. OBJECTIVE. Data gathering and analysis of results are done accurately, objectively, and are
unaffected by the researcher’s intuition and personal guesses.

3. VISUAL RESULT PRESENTATION. Data is numerical, which makes presentation through

graphs, charts, and tables possible and for better conveyance and interpretation.

4. FASTER DATA ANALYSIS. The use of a statistical tools give way for a less time-consuming
data analysis.
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Characteristics of Quantitative Research

5. GENERALIZED DATA. Data taken from a sample can be applied to the population if sampling is
done accordingly, i.e., sufficient size and random samples were taken.

6. FAST DATA COLLECTION. Depending on the type of data needed, collection can be quick and
easy. Quantitative research uses standardized research instruments that allow the researcher to
collect data from a large sample size efficiently. For instance, a single survey form can be
administered simultaneously to collect various measurable characteristics like age, gender, socio-
economic status, etc.

7. RELIABLE DATA. Data is taken and analyzed objectively from a sample as a representative of
the population, making it more credible and reliable for policymaking and decision making.

8. REPLICATION. The Quantitative method can be repeated to verify findings enhancing its validity,
free from false or immature conclusions.
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Strengths of Quantitative Research

1.Quantitative research can be replicated or

repeated.
2.Findings are generalizable to the population.
3.Conclusive establishment of cause and effect
4.Numerical and quantifiable data can be used to
predict outcomes
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Strengths of Quantitative Research

5. Fast and easy data analysis using statistical

software.
6. Fast and easy data gathering
7. Very objective
8. Validity and reliability can be established
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Weaknesses of Quantitative Research

1. It lacks the necessary data to explore a problem or

concept in depth.
2. It does not provide comprehensive explanation of human
experiences.
3. Some information cannot be described by numerical data
such as feelings, and beliefs.
4. The research design is rigid and not very flexible
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Weaknesses of Quantitative Research

5. The participants are limited to choose

only from the given responses.
6. The respondents may tend to provide
inaccurate responses.
7. A large sample size makes data collection
more costly.
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Kinds of Quantitative Research

Descriptive design is used to describe a particular phenomenon by observing it as

it occurs in nature. There is no experimental manipulation and the researcher does
not start with a hypothesis. The goal of descriptive research is only to describe the
person or object of the study. An example of descriptive research design is “the
determination of the different kinds of physical activities and how often high school
students do it during the quarantine period.”

The correlational design identifies the relationship between variables. Data is

collected by observation since it does not consider the cause and effect for example,
the relationship between the amount of physical activity done and student academic
achievement.
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Kinds of Quantitative Research

Ex post facto design is used to investigate a possible relationship

between previous events and present conditions. The term “Ex post
facto” means ‘after the fact,’ that is, it looks at the possible causes of
an already occurring phenomenon. Just like the first two, there is no
experimental manipulation in this design. An example of this is “how
does the parent’s academic achievement affect their children’s
obesity?”
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Kinds of Quantitative Research

A quasi-experimental design is used to establish the cause and effect

relationship of variables. Although it resembles the experimental design,
the quasi-experimental has lesser validity due to the absence of random
selection and assignment of subjects. Here, the independent variable is
identified but not manipulated. The researcher does not modify pre-
existing groups of subjects. The group exposed to treatment
(experimental) is compared to the group unexposed to treatment (control):
example, the effects of unemployment on attitude towards following safety
protocol in ECQ declared areas.
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Kinds of Quantitative Research

Experimental design like quasi- experimental is used to

establish the cause and effect relationship of two or more
variables. This design provides a more conclusive result
because it uses random assignment of subjects and
experimental manipulations. For example, a comparison of
the effects of various blended learning to the reading
comprehension of elementary pupils.
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Activity: True or False
Directions: On the space provided, write TRUE if the statement describes quantitative research
and FALSE if it is incorrect.

_______1. Quantitative data can be presented using tables and graphs.

_______2. The results of quantitative research can be used to generalize and predict.
_______3. Quantitative research is flexible so at any stage, the study may change.
_______4. Quantitative data are more credible, reliable, and useful than qualitative data.
_______5. The research study cannot be replicated or repeated because it is unique in every
case.
_______6. Data are in the form of numbers and analyzed statistically.
_______7. Data analysis is an on-going process. It can be done at any stage of the process.
_______8. The behavior of the participants is observed and is critical to the analysis of results.
_______9. Analysis of data is less time-consuming.
______10. In quantitative research, the researcher participates and engages the participants in
the study
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Directions: Write your learning about the following:

1.What is quantitative research?

2.What are the characteristics of quantitative
research?
3.Discuss the strengths of quantitative research.
4.Discuss the weaknesses of quantitative
research.
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