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Complement System Lecture

The document discusses the complement system, a group of about 16 plasma proteins that work with antibodies to eliminate pathogens while preventing damage to host cells. It describes the system's cascade mechanism, activation pathways, regulation, and biological activities, including phagocytosis and immune complex solubilization. Additionally, it covers complement deficiencies and diagnostic tests related to the complement system.

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4 views31 pages

Complement System Lecture

The document discusses the complement system, a group of about 16 plasma proteins that work with antibodies to eliminate pathogens while preventing damage to host cells. It describes the system's cascade mechanism, activation pathways, regulation, and biological activities, including phagocytosis and immune complex solubilization. Additionally, it covers complement deficiencies and diagnostic tests related to the complement system.

Uploaded by

jyotikapoor954
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPLEMENT SYSTEM

Dr. Mohit Bhatia


Assistant Professor
Department of Microbiology
AIIMS, Rishikesh
COMPLEMENT BASICS
Cooperate with antibodies to eliminate bacteria,
viruses, and other pathogens

A complex group of about 16 different plasma


proteins that work together to lyse their targets

Prevent the lysis of normal host cells by


pathogens

It operates as a cascade mechanism, just like the


blood-clotting system

This sequential activation usually occurs by


proteolysis
COMPLEMENT BASICS
• Amplification
• Factors produced by liver as zymogens
• Different pathways converge onto C3
• C3 is complement factor of highest serum
concentration (1.2 mg/ml)
• Complement proteins account for 10% of
serum proteins(3-4g/l)
• Since each successive
component of the
It ensures a complement system is an
substantial enzyme that can act on many
different substrates, this
amplification of an system of successive
initial response. enzymatic steps gives a great
increase in the size of the
response.

This pathway can be • This is essential because the


fairly easily C (complement) system is, as
controlled in its we’ll see, very destructive,
and if it could be activated
early stages by easily and spontaneously, it
inhibitors of would cause considerable
harm to the organism.
enzymatic activity.
Three complement activation pathways
CLASSICAL PATHWAY
C1qr2s2 COMPLEX
ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY
SUMMARY OF COMPLEMENT
PATHWAYS
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC VIEW OF COMPLEMENT
MEDIATED LYSIS OF BACTERIA
REGULATION OF COMPLEMENT
SYSTEM
FATE OF BOUND C3b & C4b
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF COMPLEMENT
SYSTEM
PHAGOCYTOSIS
SOLUBILIZATION
OF IMMUNE
COMPLEXES
MICROBIAL EVASION OF
COMPLEMENT MEDIATED LYSIS
COMPLEMENT DEFICIENCIES
Hereditary angioneurotic edema
 Deficiency of C1INH

 Autosomal dominant

 Recurrent episodes of
edema in the skin, GI
tract, UG tract, and larynx

 Abdominal, pelvic pain,


suffocation

 Type I AND Type II


Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
 Intermittent intravascular hemolysis

 Defect of both CD59 and DAF (Glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol


anchored proteins)

 Pig-A gene on X chromosome is involved

 Alternate pathway is activated on host erythrocytes which leads to


hemolysis

 Characterized by hemolysis,pancytopenia and venous thrombosis

 Death occurs due to hepatic vein thrombosis and bone marrow


dysfunction
COMPLEMENT FIXATION TEST
OTHER DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
EMPLOYING COMPLEMENT
• Treponema pallidum Immobilization test (TPI)

• Sabin-Feldman dye test

• Vibriocidal antibody test


THANK
YOU!

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