Quarter 1

General
 Quarter 1
TOPIC 1:
FUNCTION
S
Lesson 1 – Functions as Models

Lesson 2 – Evaluating Functions

Lesson 3 – Operations on
Functions
Functions as
Models
LESSO
“
LESSON OBJECTIVES:
▸ Determine relations and functions;

▸ Illustrate functions through mapping

diagrams, sets and graphs; and

▸ Represent real-life situations using

functions.
 Defining Terms
Set – a collection of well-defined
and distinct objects, called
elements that share a common
characteristic.
Ex:
• Set of vowels: {a, e, i, o, u}
• Set of integers: {... , -3, -2, -1, 0,
 Defining Terms
Set – a collection of well-defined
and distinct objects, called
elements that share a common
characteristic.
Ex:
• Set of even numbers less than 10:
{2, 4, 6, 8}
•
 Defining Terms
Relation – is a rule that relates
values from a set of values (called
the domain) to a second set of
values (called the range).
A relation is also a set of ordered
pairs
(x,y).
 Defining
Domain Terms
– is the set of all x or
input values.
Range – is the set of all y or
output values.
Ordered Pair – is written by listing
two members in a specific order,
separating them by a comma and
enclosing the pair in parentheses.
 Note!
In a relation, one input can
generate one or more outputs.

What makes RELATION a

FUNCTION?
 Defining Terms
Function – is a relation or a set of
ordered pairs for which every x-
value must be associated to
ONLY ONE y-value.
For a RELATION to FUNCTION,
stick to ONLY ONE X.
Functions as a Set of Ordered Pairs
Functions as a Table of Values
Functions as a Mapping Diagram
Functions as a Graph
Functions in Real Life
Functions as a Piecewise
 Set of Ordered Pairs 1
Ex: Are the following relations
below functions?
(a) f = {(1,2), (2,2), (3,5), (4,5)}
(b) g = {(1,3), (1,4), (2,5), (2,6),
(3,7)}
(c) h = {(1,3), (2,6), (3,9), . . . ,
(n,3n), . . .}
 Set of Ordered Pairs 1
Ex: Are the following relations
below functions?
(a) f = {(1,2), (2,2), (3,5), (4,5)}
(b) g = {(1,3), (1,4), (2,5),YES
(2,6),
(3,7)} NO
(c) h = {(1,3), (2,6), (3,9), . . . , YES
(n,3n), . . .}
 Table of Values 2
In general, we can use the
notation f(x) = y for each
ordered pair (x,y) in f . We can
also organize these ordered pair
as a table.
f = {(1,2), (2,2),
(3,5), (4,5)}
 Table of Values 2
f = {(1,2), (2,2),
Input
(3,5), (4,5)}

x 1 2 3 4
f(x) 2 2 5 5
Output
 Mapping Diagram 3
In this case, the relation or
function is represented by the set
of all the connections
represented by the arrows.

Input Output
Mapping Diagram 3
X FUNCTIO Y
N
1
2
2
3
5
4
Mapping Diagram 3
X NOT Y
FUNCTIO 3
1 N
4
2 5
3 6
7
Mapping Diagram 3
Mapping Diagram 3
Mapping Diagram 3
Mapping Diagram 3
Mapping Diagram 3
Mapping Diagram 3
Mapping Diagram 3
 Graph in Cartesian
4
Plane
A graph in a Cartesian plane is
another representation of a
relation or function.
Vertical Line Test – creating
imaginary vertical lines across the
graph, if the line hits exactly one
point on the graph, then it is a
function.
Graph in Cartesian
4
Plane
 Graph in Cartesian
4
Plane

FUNCTIO NOT A
 Graph in Cartesian
4
Plane

FUNCTIO NOT A
 Real Life Situations 5
In a function f, the variable x is
called the independent variable,
while f(x) or y, is the dependent
variable.

Functions can often be used to

model real situations.
 Real Life Situations 5
A linear function:
f(x) = ax + b, where a ≠ 0.
A quadratic function:
f(x) = ax + bx + c, where a ≠ 0.
2

A polynomial function:
f(x) = anxn + an-1xn-1+…+ a1x + a0,
where n ≠ 0.
 Real Life Situations
STEPS: 5
1. What is given? (data in the
problem)
2. What is asked? (Determine the
problem)
3. What operation to be used?
(math operation)
4. Write the number sentence.
 Real Life Situations 5

Example 1:
Give a function C that can
represent the cost of buying x
meals, if one meal costs ₱40.
 Real Life Situations 5
Given:
▸ ₱40 – cost per meal
▸ x – number of meals
Unknown:
▸ C(x) – function for the total cost
of buying x meals for
₱40 per meal.
 Real Life Situations 5
Operation:
▸ Multiplication
Number Sentence:
▸ Total cost = Cost per meal ×
number of meals
C(x) = 40x
 Real Life Situations 5
Example 2:
A certain Ornamental Plant Shop in Nabua
charges ₱500.00 for a yearly membership.
The first ornamental plant is free with the
membership, and any plant after that costs
₱150.00 including tax. How much money M
does a shopper spend after buying p plants
and paying a yearly membership?
 Real Life Situations 5
Given:
▸ ₱500 – annual membership fee
▸ ₱150 – cost for each plant
▸ p – number of plants bought
(take note: the first ornamental
plant is free along with the
membership)
 Real Life Situations 5
Unknown:
▸ M(p) – function for the total
cost of buying p plants
including the annual
membership, wherein the first
plant is free.
 Real Life Situations 5
Operation:
▸ Multiplication, Addition,
Subtraction

(take note: since the first plant if

free, subtract 1 from the total p
plants)
 Real Life Situations 5
Number Sentence:
▸ Total cost = annual membership
fee + total cost
of plants bought
▸ total cost of plants bought =
150 (p – 1)

M(p) = 500 + 150 (p – 1)

 Real Life Situations 5
Example 3:
One hundred meters of fencing is
available to enclose a rectangular
area next to a river. Give a
function A that can represent the
area that can be enclosed, in
terms of x.
Real Life Situations 5
 Real
Given: Life Situations 5
▸ 100 meters – fencing material
▸ x – dimension of the enclosed
area
(take note:
 the area is not a complete
rectangle
 two variables are involved)
 Real Life Situations 5
Unknown:
▸ A(x) – function for the total
area enclosed by the fencing
material
Operation:
▸ Multiplication and
Subtraction
 Real Life Situations 5
Solution:
(Area)
(Perimeter)
(y in terms of x)

(Function of A
in terms of x)
 Piecewise Function 6
A function can be in pieces. You can
create functions that behave
differently based on the input (x)
value.
 Piecewise Function 6
ADDITIONAL STEPS:
1. Identify the intervals for which
different rules
apply.
2. Determine formulas that describe how
to
calculate an output from an input in
each interval.
 Piecewise
Example 4:
Function 6
A certain chocolate bar costs ₱35.00
per piece. However, if you buy more
than 10 pieces, they will be marked
down to a price of ₱32.00 per piece.
Use a piecewise function to represent
the cost in terms of the number of
chocolate
Given:
Piecewise
▸ ₱35 – originalFunction
cost for a 6
chocolate bar
▸ 10 – maximum number of
chocolate bars priced at
₱35
▸ ₱32 – marked down cost for a
chocolate bar if more than
10 pieces bought
 Piecewise Function 6
Unknown:
▸ f(n) – function for the total cost
of chocolate bars bought
Operation:
▸ Multiplication
 Piecewise Function 6
Piece 1:

Piece 2:

Combined:
 Piecewise Function 6
Example 5:
A certain Ornamental Plant Shop in Nabua
charges ₱500.00 for a yearly membership.
The first ornamental plant is free with the
membership, and any plant after that costs
₱150.00 including tax. How much money M
does a shopper spend after buying p plants
and paying a yearly membership?
 Piecewise Function 6
Piece 1:

Piece 2:

Combined:
 Piecewise
Example 6: Function 6
A school’s fair committee wants to sell t-
shirts for their school fair. They found a
supplier that sells t-shirts at a price of
₱175.00 a piece but can charge ₱15,000
for a bulk order of 100 shirts and
₱125.00 for each excess t-shirt after
that. Use a piecewise function to
represent the cost in terms of the
 Piecewise Function
Given: 6
▸ ₱175 – original cost for a t-shirt
▸ ₱15,000 – cost for bulk order for
100
t-shirts
▸ ₱125 – cost for excess number of
t-shirt after the first 100
pieces
 Piecewise Function 6
Unknown:
▸ F(n) – function for the total cost
of t- shirts purchased
Operation:
▸ Multiplication, Addition,
Subtraction
 Piecewise Function 6
Piece 1:

Piece 2:

Piece 3:
 Piecewise Function 6

Combined:
 Any
Questions?
What other real-life
situations can
function be
associated with?
 Quiz
Direction: Read each question
carefully and provide the necessary
answer in a ½ sheet of paper.

ACTIVITY