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Line Codes

Line coding is essential for digital signal transmission to prevent signal distortion. There are three types of line coding: Unipolar, Polar, and Bipolar, each with variations such as NRZ and RZ. Each type has its advantages and disadvantages, particularly concerning bandwidth, error correction, and synchronization.

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3 views15 pages

Line Codes

Line coding is essential for digital signal transmission to prevent signal distortion. There are three types of line coding: Unipolar, Polar, and Bipolar, each with variations such as NRZ and RZ. Each type has its advantages and disadvantages, particularly concerning bandwidth, error correction, and synchronization.

Uploaded by

eshwarivakki
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Line Codes

A line code is the code used for data


transmission of a digital signal over a
transmission line. This process of coding is
chosen so as to avoid overlap and distortion of
signal such as inter-symbol interference.
Types of Line Coding

There are 3 types of Line Coding


• Unipolar
• Polar
• Bi-polar
Unipolar Signaling

Unipolar signaling is also called as On-Off


Keying or simply OOK.
• The presence of pulse represents a 1 and the
absence of pulse represents a 0.
• There are two variations in Unipolar signaling --
Non Return to Zero NRZNRZ
-Return to Zero RZ
• In this type of unipolar signaling, a High in
data is represented by a positive pulse called
as Mark, which has a duration T0 equal to the
symbol bit duration. A Low in data input has
no pulse.
• The following figure clearly depicts this.
Unipolar NRZ
• Advantages
• The advantages of Unipolar NRZ are −
• It is simple.
• A lesser bandwidth is required.
• Disadvantages
• The disadvantages of Unipolar NRZ are −
• No error correction done.
• Presence of low frequency components may cause the signal
droop.
• No clock is present.
• Loss of synchronization is likely to occur (especially for long strings
of 1s and 0s).
Unipolar Return to Zero RZ

• In this type of unipolar signaling, a High in


data, though represented by a Mark pulse, its
duration T0 is less than the symbol bit
duration. Half of the bit duration remains high
but it immediately returns to zero and shows
the absence of pulse during the remaining half
of the bit duration.
• It is clearly understood with the help of the
following figure
Advantages
• The advantages of Unipolar RZ are −
• It is simple.
• The spectral line present at the symbol rate can be used as a
clock.
Disadvantages
• The disadvantages of Unipolar RZ are −
• No error correction.
• Occupies twice the bandwidth as unipolar NRZ.
• The signal droop is caused at the places where signal is non-
zero at 0 Hz
Polar Signaling

There are two methods of Polar Signaling. They


are −
-Polar NRZ
• In this type of Polar signaling, a High in data is
represented by a positive pulse, while a Low in
data is represented by a negative pulse. The
following figure depicts this well.
Polar RZ

Polar RZ
• In this type of Polar signaling, a High in data, though
represented by a Mark pulse, its duration T0 is less than
the symbol bit duration. Half of the bit duration remains
high but it immediately returns to zero and shows the
absence of pulse during the remaining half of the bit
duration.
• However, for a Low input, a negative pulse represents
the data, and the zero level remains same for the other
half of the bit duration. The following figure depicts this
clearly.
Bipolar Signaling

• This is an encoding technique which has three voltage


levels namely +, - and 0. Such a signal is called as duo-
binary signal.
• An example of this type is Alternate Mark
Inversion AMIAMI. For a 1, the voltage level gets a
transition from + to – or from – to +, having alternate 1s to
be of equal polarity. A 0 will have a zero voltage level.
• Even in this method, we have two types.
-Bipolar NRZ
-Bipolar RZ

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