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Pulse Code Modulation Presentation

Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) is a digital communication technique that converts analog signals into digital form, widely used in audio, telecommunications, and storage. The process involves three key steps: sampling, quantization, and encoding, resulting in a binary stream output. PCM offers advantages such as high noise immunity and compatibility with digital systems, but it also requires large bandwidth and can introduce quantization error.

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Haimabati Das
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16 views13 pages

Pulse Code Modulation Presentation

Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) is a digital communication technique that converts analog signals into digital form, widely used in audio, telecommunications, and storage. The process involves three key steps: sampling, quantization, and encoding, resulting in a binary stream output. PCM offers advantages such as high noise immunity and compatibility with digital systems, but it also requires large bandwidth and can introduce quantization error.

Uploaded by

Haimabati Das
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)

• Digital Communication Technique


• Presented by: [Your Name]
Introduction to PCM
• • PCM converts analog signals into digital form
• • Used in audio, telecommunications, and
storage
• • Standard in modern digital communication
Key Steps in PCM
• 1. Sampling
• 2. Quantization
• 3. Encoding
Block Diagram of PCM System
• Analog Signal → Low-pass Filter → Sampler →
Quantizer → Encoder → PCM Signal
Sampling
• • Converts continuous signal to discrete
• • Nyquist Theorem: Sample at least twice the
highest signal frequency
Quantization
• • Approximates sampled signal to nearest
discrete level
• • Introduces quantization error or noise
Encoding
• • Assigns binary codes to quantized values
• • Output is a binary stream (digital signal)
Types of PCM
• • Linear PCM (LPCM): Uniform quantization
• • Differential PCM (DPCM): Encodes sample
differences
• • Adaptive DPCM (ADPCM): Adjusts based on
signal
Advantages of PCM
• • High noise immunity
• • Easy multiplexing
• • Compatible with digital systems
• • High-quality signal reproduction
Disadvantages of PCM
• • Requires large bandwidth
• • Quantization error
• • More complex than analog systems
Applications of PCM
• • Digital telephony
• • Audio recording (CDs, DVDs)
• • Satellite communication
• • Fax and VoIP systems
Conclusion
• • PCM is essential in digital communication
• • Enables reliable digital representation of
analog signals
References
• • B.P. Lathi – Modern Digital and Analog
Communication Systems
• • Additional online sources

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