Scribd
Upload
1 views29 pages

Universal Serial Bus (USB)

The document provides a comprehensive overview of the Universal Serial Bus (USB), detailing its history, evolution, architecture, and communication protocols. It explains the roles of various components such as hosts, hubs, and devices, as well as the types of data transfers and signaling methods used in USB communication. The conclusion emphasizes USB's power and ease of use, highlighting its ability to simplify device design through a complex host system.

Uploaded by

tigogah758
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
1 views29 pages

Universal Serial Bus (USB)

The document provides a comprehensive overview of the Universal Serial Bus (USB), detailing its history, evolution, architecture, and communication protocols. It explains the roles of various components such as hosts, hubs, and devices, as well as the types of data transfers and signaling methods used in USB communication. The conclusion emphasizes USB's power and ease of use, highlighting its ability to simplify device design through a complex host system.

Uploaded by

tigogah758
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 29

Content

 History and Evolution


 Why We Need USB ？
 Architectural Overview
 USB communication flow
 Protocol Layer
 Conclusion
 References
Key Word

 Down ： From host to device


 Up ： From device to host
Example
Down stream ： data flow from host to
device
Up stream ： data flow from device to
host
History
 USB—Universal Serial Bus
 Invented and standardized by a group of
computer and peripherals manufactures
in 1995
 Compete with IEEE1394
Evolution
Why We Need USB ？
 Connection of the PC to the telephone ：
=>In order to transmit data
 Ease-of-use ：
=>Saupport plug and play
 Port expansion ：
=>Up to 127 devices
=>Can add lots of device to a XX
Characteristic (2)
 The logical topology of the USB is a star
structure
 It is similar to computer network
 The USB uses a polling protocol
 Up to 7 level
USB Can Do
 Combines low speed and high speed bus
activity , USB enables shared access for
both speed
 Automatic configuring of devices and a
serial bus which is simplified and easy to
plug into
 Attach / detach easily without restarting
system
Architectural Overview

 Host ： only one


=>The smartest element in the USB
system
=>Responsible to the complexity of the
protocol to make devices design
simple
and low cost
=>Control the media access （ no one
can
access the bus unless it get an
USB System Member (2)
 Hub ： one or more
=>Like the hubs used for computer
network
=>Enables many devices to connect to
a single USB port
USB System Member (3)

 Device ： one or more


=>Everything in the USB system , which is
not a host , is a device ( include hubs)
=>A device may provides one or more
USB
functions
=>Has an unique address at the end of
the
enumeration process
Typical Application
Communication Flow
Pipes (1)
 The logic communication between the
client
software on the host and the function on
the
device is done through pipes
 It is a association between a specific
endpoint on the device and the
appropriate
software in the host
Pipes (2)
 An endpoint is the source or destination of
the data that transmitted on the USB
cable
 Two direction
=>OUT ：
data flows from the host to the device
=>IN ：
data flows from the device to the host
Signaling On The Bus
 The USB cable is 4 wire cable
 Signal on the bus is done by signaling
over tow wires ( D+ and D_ )
=>1 ： D_ low , D+ high
=>0 ： D_ high , D+ low
 Data encoding and decoding is done
using NRZI ( Non Return to Zero Inverted
)
SIE
 SIE ： Serial Interface Engine
It is part of both the host’s and the
device’s physical layer
=>Serialization and Deserialization
=>Encoding and Decoding
=>Generate(for out) and Verify(for in)
CRC
=>Detect PID
HC
 HC ： Host Controller
=>It is an additional hardware to ensure
that everything which is transmitted
on the bus is correct
=>It serves both the USB and the host
and has the same functionality in
ever USB system
This Layer Handles
 Responsible for the translating the data
between the application layer and the
USB transactions protocol .
 Two Role
=>USB System Software (in the USB
host)
=>USB Logical Device (in the USB
device)
The USB System SW
 Compose of The Host Controller Driver
and The USB Driver
 Responsible for
=>Bandwidth allocation
=>bus power management
Two of above are in order to enable
devices to access the bus
The USB Logical Device
 Compose of a collection of independent
endpoints
 Each endpoint has an unique Endpoint
Number and is unidirectional(except
endpoint zero and has two type--In/Out)
 Default pipe is associated with endpoint
zero
The Application Layer
 Host end ： Client Software
= >Manages the appropriate interface by
transferring data from its buffers to the
endpoint with the appropriate interface
 Device end ： Function
= >Composed of interfaces and controls
the
functionality of the device
Protocol Layer

 USB transactions are done through


packets include three phases
=>Token phase ： host initiates token
indicating the future transfer type
=>Data phase ： actual data transmitted
=>Handshake phase ： indicate the
success or failure of the transaction
Transfer Types (1)

 Control Transfer
=>Used to configure a device
(enumeration)
=>Compose of three phases
(setup,data,status)
 Isochronous Transfer
=>Used for multimedia devices
=>It is guarantee the required bandwidth
=>No handshake phase
Transfer Types (2)

 Bulk Transfer
=>Used for large burst data
=>Guarantee of delivery , no guarantee of
bandwidth or minimum latency
 Interrupt Transfer
=>If there is a pending interrupt , the
function
will send details to host after host poll it
Packet (1)

 PID ： Packet Identifier Field

 Address Field

=>So , there are up to 127 devices in


USB
Packet (2)

 Token Packet

=>ADDR & ENDP define an unique


endpoint
Packet (3)
 Data Packet
Packet (4)
 Handshake Packet

=>Such as ACK 、 NAK 、 STALL…etc.


Conclusion
 USB is powerful and easy to use
 The complex host make the device easy
to design

You might also like