C O M P U T E R G RA P H I C S

THE HISTORY
 E A R LY B E G I N N I N G S ( 1 9 4 0 S - 1 9 5 0 S )

 1940s: The earliest computers, such as the ENIAC, were built, but they
had no graphical capabilities. They were limited to numerical
computations.
 1950s:The advent of vector displays allowed simple line drawings on
screen. SAGE System: One of the first uses of graphical interfaces for air
defense, displaying radar data.
F O U N D AT I O N A L D E V E L O P M E N T S ( 1 9 6 0 S )

 Sketchpad (1963): Developed by Ivan Sutherland, it was the first

graphical interface program, allowing users to draw directly on a
screen with a light pen. It introduced concepts like object-
oriented graphics and constraints.
 Raster Graphics: Emerged as a counterpart to vector graphics,
storing images as a grid of pixels.
 Computer Animation: Early animations were created by manually
plotting points on frames.
G R O W T H O F C O M P U T E R G RA P H I C S ( 1 9 7 0 S )

 Graphic Displays: CRT monitors became more common, leading

to widespread use of graphical interfaces.
 Shading Models: Gouraud shading (1971) and Phong shading
(1973) introduced smoother rendering techniques.
 First 3D Graphics: The concept of 3D rendering and polygonal
modeling began to take shape.
 Video Games: Games like Pong (1972) and Space Invaders (1978)
popularized interactive graphics.
 T H E R I S E O F 3 D G RA P H I C S ( 1 9 8 0 S )

 Silicon Graphics Inc. (SGI): Revolutionized high-performance 3D

graphics for scientific, industrial, and entertainment
applications.
 Ray Tracing: Introduced in this era, it enabled realistic lighting
and reflections.
 Personal Computers: Graphics cards like the IBM CGA (1981) and
VGA (1987) expanded capabilities.
 Movies and TV: Films like Tron (1982) showcased early CGI.
 R E A L I S M A N D I N T E RA C T I V I T Y ( 1 9 9 0 S )

 Gaming: Consoles like the PlayStation and PCs with GPUs like the
NVIDIA RIVA TNT (1998) advanced gaming graphics.
 Movies: Jurassic Park (1993) and Toy Story (1995) set
benchmarks for CGI in storytelling.
 OpenGL (1992) and Direct3D (1995): Standardized 3D graphics
programming, making development easier and more consistent.
 M O D E R N E RA ( 2 0 0 0 S - P R E S E N T )

 GPU Evolution: Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) like NVIDIA’s

GeForce and AMD’s Radeon revolutionized rendering.
 Real-Time Graphics: Technologies like real-time ray tracing (e.g.,
NVIDIA RTX) achieved near-photorealistic visuals.
 Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR): Became
mainstream with devices like the Oculus Rift and Microsoft
HoloLens.
 AI and Graphics: AI-powered tools now generate textures,
animations, and even entire scenes.
 Movies and Games: Unreal Engine, Unity, and proprietary
systems deliver hyper-realistic visuals across media.
 K E Y I M PA C T A R E A S

 Entertainment: Games, movies, and virtual experiences.

 Education and Training: Simulations and virtual labs.
 Healthcare: Visualization tools in medical imaging.
 Design and Engineering: CAD software revolutionized
manufacturing and architecture.
W H AT I S C O M P U T E R
G RA P H I C S
“ A P I C T U R E I S W O RT H A
THOUSAND WORDS”
 W H AT I S C O M P U T E R G RA P H I C S ?

 Computer graphics generally refers to the specific creation, storage, and

manipulation of image data using a digital computer with the help of a
specialized graphical system.
 Which studies methods for digitally synthesizing and manipulating visual
content.
 C O M P T E R G RA P H I C S A R E A S

 Computer Art: Using computer graphics, we can create fine and

commercial art which includes animation packages, and paint packages.
These packages provide facilities for designing object shapes and
specifying object motion. Cartoon drawings, paintings, and logo designs
can also be done.

 Computer-Aided Drawing: Designing buildings, automobiles, and

aircraft is done with the help of computer-aided drawing, this helps in
providing minute details to the drawing and producing more accurate
and sharp drawings with better specifications.
 C O M P T E R G RA P H I C S A R E A S

 Presentation Graphics: For the preparation of reports or summarising

the financial, statistical, mathematical, scientific, and economic data for
research reports, and managerial reports, moreover creation of bar
graphs, pie charts, and time charts, can be done using the tools present
in computer graphics.

 Entertainment: Computer graphics find a major part of its utility in the

movie industry and game industry. Used for creating motion pictures,
music videos, television shows, and cartoon animation films. In the game
industry where focus and interactivity are the key players, computer
graphics help in efficiently providing such features.
 C O M P T E R G RA P H I C S A R E A S

 Education: Computer-generated models are extremely useful for

teaching huge number of concepts and fundamentals in an easy-to-
understand and learn manner. Using computer graphics many
educational models can be created through which more interest can be
generated among the students regarding the subject.

 Training: Specialised systems for training like simulators can be used

for training the candidates in a way that can be grasped in a short span
of time with better understanding. The creation of training modules
using computer graphics is simple and very useful.
 C O M P T E R G RA P H I C S A R E A S

 Machine Drawing: Computer graphics are very frequently used for

designing, modifying, and creating various parts of a machine and the
whole machine itself, the main reason behind using computer graphics
for this purpose is the precision and clarity we get from such drawing is
ultimate and extremely desired for the safe manufacturing of machine
using these drawings.

 Graphical User Interface: The use of pictures, images, icons, pop-up

menus, and graphical objects helps in creating a user-friendly
environment where working is easy and pleasant, using computer
graphics we can create such an atmosphere where everything can be
automated and anyone can get the desired action performed in an easy
fashion.
 C O M P T E R G RA P H I C S A R E A S

 Visualization: Today the need of visualize things have increased

drastically, the need of visualization can be seen in many advanced
technologies, data visualization helps in finding insights into the data, to
check and study the behavior of processes around us we need
appropriate visualization which can be achieved through proper usage of
computer graphics.

 Image Processing: Various kinds of photographs or images require

editing in order to be used in different places. Processing of existing
images into refined ones for better interpretation is one of the many
applications of computer graphics.
 G R A P H I C S H A R D WA R E

 It is the hardware component responsible for processing and displaying

visual data on a computer screen. Graphics hardware consists of various
components and technologies that work together to deliver the
immersive and realistic visual experience we see in modern computer
games, simulations, and design applications.
 G R A P H I C S H A R D WA R E

 Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)

 The Graphics Processing Unit, commonly known as the GPU, is the
primary component of graphics hardware. It is responsible for executing
complex mathematical calculations and rendering visual data. The GPU
consists of multiple processing cores known as shaders, which perform
computations in parallel. This parallel processing capability allows GPUs
to handle the vast amount of data required for real-time rendering,
making them essential for high-performance graphics applications.
 G R A P H I C S H A R D WA R E

 Display Output
 The display output component of graphics hardware is responsible for
transmitting the rendered visual data to the computer screen. It consists
of display connectors, such as HDMI, DisplayPort, and DVI, which allow
the GPU to connect to external monitors or display devices. The display
output also includes features like multi-monitor support, high refresh
rates, and various display resolutions to provide users with flexible
display options.
 Multiple Monitor Support
 Graphics hardware allows users to connect multiple monitors to a single GPU, creating an extended desktop or multi-monitor
setup. This feature is particularly useful for professionals who require extra screen real estate for their work, such as content
creators, graphic designers, and stock traders. Multi-monitor setups provide a broader workspace, enabling users to multitask
efficiently or view multiple applications simultaneously.
 G R A P H I C S H A R D WA R E

 Multiple Monitor Support

 Graphics hardware allows users to connect multiple monitors to a single
GPU, creating an extended desktop or multi-monitor setup. This feature is
particularly useful for professionals who require extra screen real estate
for their work, such as content creators, graphic designers, and stock
traders. Multi-monitor setups provide a broader workspace, enabling
users to multitask efficiently or view multiple applications simultaneously.
 G R A P H I C S H A R D WA R E

 Graphics Memory
 Graphics memory, also known as Video RAM (VRAM), is a dedicated
memory component within the graphics hardware. It stores the data
required for rendering images, textures, and other visual elements.
Graphics memory is crucial for real-time rendering because it allows the
GPU to access the necessary data quickly, resulting in smoother frame
rates and reduced latency.
 GDDR vs. DDR Memory
 There are two main types of graphics memory used in graphics hardware: Graphics Double Data Rate (GDDR) memory and
Double Data Rate (DDR) memory. GDDR memory is specifically designed for graphics applications and offers higher bandwidth
and lower power consumption compared to DDR memory. It allows for faster data transfer between the GPU and the memory,
enabling better performance in graphics-intensive tasks.
 DDR memory, commonly used in system RAM, is less optimized for the high bandwidth demands of graphics rendering. While
it may be suitable for entry-level graphics tasks, such as web browsing and media playback, GDDR memory delivers the
performance required for gaming, 3D modeling, and other demanding applications.
 G R A P H I C S H A R D WA R E

 Graphics APIs
 Graphics APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) provide a software
layer that allows developers to communicate with the graphics hardware
for graphics rendering. They serve as a bridge between the application
and the GPU, enabling developers to utilize the full potential of the
graphics hardware for creating visually impressive graphics.
 Popular graphics APIs include OpenGL, Vulkan, and DirectX. These APIs
provide developers with a standardized set of functions and methods to
interact with the GPU, making it easier to develop cross-platform
applications. They handle tasks such as geometry processing, texture
mapping, and shader execution, allowing developers to focus on creating
the visual aspects of their applications without worrying about low-level
hardware programming.
 G R A P H I C S H A R D WA R E

 Graphics APIs
 OpenGL
 OpenGL (Open Graphics Library) is a widely used graphics API that
supports both 2D and 3D graphics programming. It provides a set of
functions for rendering graphics, manipulating objects, and applying
visual effects. OpenGL is platform-independent and supports various
operating systems, making it suitable for developing applications across
different devices.
 OpenGL has a large user community and extensive documentation,
which makes it popular among developers. It is commonly used in the
gaming industry, scientific simulations, virtual reality applications, and
computer-aided design (CAD) software.
 T H E E VO LU T I O N O F G R A P H I C S
H A R D WA R E

 Graphics hardware has undergone significant advancements over the

years, enabling ever-more realistic and immersive computer graphics
experiences. From the early days of computer graphics, when simple
wireframe models were the norm, to the current era of ray tracing and
virtual reality, graphics hardware has evolved to keep up with the
increasing demands of new technologies and applications.
 T H E E VO LU T I O N O F G R A P H I C S
H A R D WA R E

 Advancements in GPU Architecture

 One of the key aspects of the evolution of graphics hardware is the
continuous advancements in GPU architecture. GPU manufacturers such
as NVIDIA and AMD have consistently introduced new generations of
GPUs with improved performance, efficiency, and features.
 Ray Tracing
 Ray tracing is a rendering technique that simulates the behavior of light in a scene by tracing the path of individual rays and
calculating the interactions with the objects in the scene. It has long been considered the holy grail of computer graphics, as it
allows for highly realistic lighting, reflections, and shadows.
 Recent advancements in GPU architecture, such as NVIDIA's RTX series, have introduced dedicated hardware for real-time ray
tracing. This hardware acceleration significantly improves the performance of ray tracing, making it feasible for real-time
applications like games and interactive simulations.
 T H E E VO LU T I O N O F G R A P H I C S
H A R D WA R E

 Virtual Reality (VR)

 Another significant development in graphics hardware is its adaptation to
virtual reality. Virtual reality immerses users into a digital environment
and requires high-performance graphics hardware to deliver smooth and
responsive experiences.
 VR-Optimized GPUs
 GPU manufacturers have developed VR-optimized GPUs, such as NVIDIA's GeForce RTX series and AMD's Radeon RX 6000
series, that are specifically designed to meet the demanding requirements of virtual reality. These GPUs provide enhanced
performance, improved thermals, and features like variable rate shading and foveated rendering, which optimize resource
allocation for VR applications.
 T H E E VO LU T I O N O F G R A P H I C S
H A R D WA R E

 Machine Learning in Graphics Hardware

 The integration of machine learning capabilities into graphics hardware
has opened up new possibilities for computer graphics. GPUs, with their
parallel processing capabilities, are well-suited for executing the complex
calculations required for machine learning tasks, such as image
recognition and deep learning.
 Graphics hardware manufacturers have started incorporating specialized
AI Tensor Cores into their GPUs, which deliver significant performance
improvements for machine learning workloads. This convergence of
graphics and AI technology has led to applications like real-time style
transfer, where the characteristic style of an image can be applied to a
video in real-time.
 T H E E VO LU T I O N O F G R A P H I C S
H A R D WA R E

 Machine Learning in Graphics Hardware

 Deep Learning Super Sampling (DLSS)
 Deep Learning Super Sampling (DLSS) is a graphics technology
developed by NVIDIA that uses machine learning techniques to upscale
lower-resolution images in real-time. DLSS improves image quality in
games by reconstructing details that may be lost during the rendering
process, resulting in sharper and more detailed visuals.
 G R A P H I C S H A R D WA R E

 Graphics hardware is a critical component in the world of computer

graphics. It encompasses the GPU, display output, graphics memory, and
graphics APIs, working together to deliver stunning visuals and
immersive experiences. Over the years, graphics hardware has evolved
to meet the growing demands of modern technologies, such as ray
tracing and virtual reality. As technology continues to advance, we can
expect further innovations in graphics hardware, pushing the boundaries
of visual realism and interactivity.
 E A R LY B E G I N N I N G S
(1940S-1950S)

 1940s: The earliest computers, such as the

ENIAC, were built, but they had no graphical
capabilities. They were limited to numerical
computations.
 1950s:The advent of vector displays
allowed simple line drawings on
screens.SAGE System: One of the first uses
of graphical interfaces for air defense,
displaying radar data.
O V E RC O M I N G
N E RV O U S N E S S

Confidence-building
strategies
SELECTING VISUAL AIDS

Enhancing your presentation

 E F F E C T I V E D E L I V E RY T E C H N I Q U E S

This is a powerful tool in public Effective body language enhances

speaking. It involves varying pitch, your message, making it more
tone, and volume to convey emotion, impactful and memorable.
emphasize points, and maintain  Meaningful eye contact
interest.
 Purposeful gestures
 Pitch variation
 Maintain good posture
 Tone inflection
 Control your expressions
 Volume control
 1. Know your material in advance
N AV I G AT I N G Q & A 2. Anticipate common questions
SESSIONS 3. Rehearse your responses

Maintaining composure during the Q&A session is

essential for projecting confidence and authority.
Consider the following tips for staying composed:
 Stay calm
 Actively listen
 Pause and reflect
 Maintain eye contact
 S P E A K I N G I M PA C T

Your ability to communicate effectively will leave a

lasting impact on your audience
Effectively communicating involves not only
delivering a message but also resonating with the
experiences, values, and emotions of those listening
 Learn to infuse energy into your delivery to leave a
DY N A M I C lasting impression

D E L I V E RY One of the goals of effective communication is to

motivate your audience

Metric Measurement Target Actual

Audience attendance # of attendees 150 120
Engagement duration Minutes 60 75
Q&A interaction # of questions 10 15
Positive feedback Percentage (%) 90 95
Rate of information
Percentage (%) 80 85
retention
 FINAL TIPS &
TA K E AWAY S
 Consistent rehearsal
Strengthen your familiarity
 Refine delivery style
1. Seek feedback
Pacing, tone, and emphasis
2. Reflect on performance
 Timing and transitions
3. Explore new techniques
Aim for seamless, professional delivery
 Practice audience 4. Set personal goals

Enlist colleagues to listen & provide feedback 5. Iterate and adapt

 TA B L E

Impact factor Measurement Target Achieved

Audience interaction Percentage (%) 85 88

Knowledge retention Percentage (%) 75 80

Post-presentation
Average rating 4.2 4.5
surveys

Referral rate Percentage (%) 10 12

Collaboration
# of opportunities 8 10
opportunities
 T H A N K YO U

Brita Tamm

502-555-0152

[email protected]

www.firstupconsultants.com