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Introduction Chapter 0

The document provides an overview of computer networks, defining them as interconnected groups of computers that facilitate communication and resource sharing. It categorizes networks based on geographic distance into Local Area Networks (LAN), Campus Area Networks (CAN), Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN), and Wide Area Networks (WAN). Additionally, it explains operating systems, distinguishing between Character User Interface (CUI) and Graphical User Interface (GUI) systems, and discusses network models including Peer-to-Peer and Client-Server models, along with examples of client and server operating systems.

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3 views19 pages

Introduction Chapter 0

The document provides an overview of computer networks, defining them as interconnected groups of computers that facilitate communication and resource sharing. It categorizes networks based on geographic distance into Local Area Networks (LAN), Campus Area Networks (CAN), Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN), and Wide Area Networks (WAN). Additionally, it explains operating systems, distinguishing between Character User Interface (CUI) and Graphical User Interface (GUI) systems, and discusses network models including Peer-to-Peer and Client-Server models, along with examples of client and server operating systems.

Uploaded by

ramyag.kenpro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is Network ?

 A group of computers inter-connected through media ( cables,

connectors and devices) will become a network, the act of work

what done here is called Networking.

Advantages:-

 To Make Communication between Computers.

 To transfer information from one PC to another PC.

 To share resources like: Files, Folders, Hard Drives, Printers

Note:- In Computer Network, a Computer is also called as

PC/HOST/System/Node.
Types of Network’s

 Based on the Geographic Distance, a network is classified

as follow’s:

 LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)

 CAMPUS AREA NETWORK (CAN)

 METROPOLITON AREA NETWORK (MAN)

 WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN)


LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)

 A group of Computers interconnected with in the short-limited

area (Single room/floor/building) forms Local Area Network.


 The most commonly used LAN Technologies are Ethernet (IEEE

802.3) and Wireless Networks (IEEE 802.11), which uses


hardware such as hubs/switches, Ethernet cables, Registered
Jack (RJ-45) connectors for communication.
CAMPUS AREA NETWORK (CAN)
 A Campus Area Network (CAN) is a computer network that links

the buildings and consists of two or more local area


networks (LANs) within the limited geographical area.
 It can be the college campus, enterprise campus, office

buildings, military base, industrial complex.


METROPOLITON AREA NETWORK (MAN)

 Metropolitan Area Network allows the communication

between multiple LAN’s which are in the same city.


 The Distance between LAN’s are much larger than CAN

and shorter than WAN.


WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN)
 Local Area Network (LAN) covers a restricted area, WAN covers a

wide area network.


 It bridges regional and national boundaries. It is mostly used in the

organizations that operates in several branches at different


locations.
 Wide Area Network (WAN) allows the communication between

Multiple LAN’s which are located in different geographical


locations.
Operating System(O.S)
What is an Operating
System ?

 Operating Systems, shortly OS is an intermediate

between the computer hardware and users.

 It is a collection of software which manages the

computer hardware resources and provides common

services for computer programs.


Types of Operating System

 There are two types of Operating Systems:

Character User Interface (CUI) O.S

Graphical User Interface (GUI) O.S


Character User Interface(CUI) OS
 The CUI operating system is a text-based operating

system, which is used for interacting with the

software or files by typing commands to perform

specific tasks.

 The command line operating system uses only

keyboard to enter commands.

 The command line operating systems include DOS

and UNIX.
Graphical User Interface (GUI) OS
 The graphical mode interface operating system is a

mouse-based operating system (Windows Operating

System, LINUX), wherein a user performs the tasks or

operations without typing the commands from the

keyboard.

 The files or icons can be opened or closed by clicking

them with a mouse button.

 In addition to this, the mouse and keyboard are used to

control the GUI operating systems for several purposes.


Network Models

Presented by
Gopinath.Pigili_CCNP
PEER-TO-PEER MODEL
 In this model, all interconnected devices have the permission to

share their resources, such as files and printers, with one


another.
 There is no Centralized Administration. Users are reside on each

and every computer.


 This model is usually used by small business and at homes.

 This model is quite easy to install and is less expensive.

Dis-Advantages:-
 Network Load will increase even more with the increase in

number of Devices.
 More Administrative work.

 Each Computer needs its own Anti-virus scanner, Backup

Schedule…etc.
CLIENT-SERVER MODEL
 In Client-Server Model, control tends to be centralized . Server holds

some programs on client devices.

 Client-server model consisting of two parts, client-systems

and server-systems, both communicating over a computer network.

Client:- A client is any device, such as a desktop or a laptop which is

used by a user to enter a network.

Server:- A server is responsible for sharing resources, such as files on

a file server, with its clients on a specific network.

 This model is mostly used by the business firms. The main

advantage of this model is its easy maintenance because the

resources are located on the server only.


Dis-Advantage:-
 It is expensive than other models, because it requires a

dedicated server, which is available at high cost.


Client Operating System

 A Client Operating System is also called as “Desktop

Operating System” , which controls user machine like

Desktop or Laptop.

 Once User Machine installed with client operating system,

it is intended to receive services from the Server.

 Example:-

 Windows 7/8/10/11

 Macintosh

 Linux ( Ubuntu, Backtrack, Puppy …ect)


Server Operation System

 A Server Operating System specifically designated to

run on specialized computers (Servers) that operate

with in a client/server architecture.

 Once the Machine is installed with server operating

system, it is intended to provide (offer) services to all

client computers with in the network.

 Example:-

 Windows server 2008/2012/2016/2019/2022

 Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)


Windows Operating Systems
 There have been several versions of windows operating

system’s(client OS ) over the years.


 Windows 95

 Windows 98

 Windows ME

 Windows 2000 professional

 Windows XP

 Windows VISTA

 Windows 7

 Windows 8

 Windows 10

 Windows 11

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