PYTHON

• Python:
1. Interpreted
2. High level language
3. Object Oriented

IDE & Notebooks:

• Notebook : jupyter, google colab
• spyder, pycharm

Extensions:
1. (.ipynb)
2. (.py)
 CONTD..
• DATA TYPES:
• #variables names can
1. Numeric
only have alphabet,
2. String/Object -- sequence of characters numbers and underscore.
3. Boolean (True/False) • #variables names can
only start with alphabet
4. DateTime and underscore.
• VARIABLES: • #variables can not start
#defining my first variable with any number.
• #variables names are
my_first_variable = 10 case sensitive.
#defining my second variable
my_second_variable = 'this is my second variable'
 Contd..
bool1 = True from datetime import date
bool2 = False today_date = date(2023,7,31)
type(bool1) bool today_date datetime.date(2023, 7, 31)
Operators : (+, -, *, /, //, =, ==, %)
• Concatenation:
str1 = 'day 1' • 4/2 2.0
str2 = 'Python'
• floor division 5 // 2 2
conc = str1 +' '+ str2 • 5 % 2 (remainder) 1
Defining a function: • #exponential (2 ** 3)
#2 raised to the power 3
def sum(var1, var2): 2 ** 3 8
return var1 + var2
Assignment Operators..
a += 3 a=a+3

b-=1 b = b-1

a /= 2 a = a/2

a == b a is equal to b

a != b a is not equal to b

a >= b; a<=b a is less than or greater than or

equal to b
DATA TYPES in PYTHON
STRINGS
1.STRING
1.sequence of characters
2.LIST
2.it can be as long as whole encyclopedia
3.TUPLE
3.it can have 1 or 0 character
4.DICTIONARY
4.it can have words, sentences, and
paragraphs.
5.it is ordered and hence there is index
attached to each character of the string.
6.indexing is useful to grab characters from
your string.
STRINGS
a = "This is day2 of python"
print(type(a))<class 'str’>

• #ctrl+/ --- comment

• #shift+enter --- execute you
code
#length of string ---
print(a, end = ' ') number of characters in
the string
print(par)
len(a)
print(a) print((len(a))
print(end = '\n')
print(par)
 STRING SLICING
#var_name[start(inclusive) : end(exluded) : step(default = 1)]
‘This is Day2 of Python’
a[0] ‘T’
a[(len(a)-1)]=a[-1] ‘n’
name=‘Chandan’ what is a palindrome
name[4:6] ‘da’ Ex:madam, pop
name[4:] ‘dan’ a = 'madam’
name[:4] ‘Chan’ • if a == a[::-1]:
name[::2] ‘Cadn’ print('It is a
#reverse the given string palindrome')
name[::-1] ‘nadnahC’
STRINGS
• #lower()
a.lower() ‘this is day2 of python’
name = name.lower()
• #upper()
a.upper() ‘THIS IS DAY2 OF PYTHON’
name.upper() ‘CHANDAN’
• #count
name.count('a’) 2
• #find(provides the index no)
a.find('p’) 16
If a.find('yusuf’) -1 #”Character or word is not
in string”#
STRINGS
• if a.find('chandan') == -1:
print("chandan not in a")
‘chandan not in a’)
#replace
a = a.replace('python', 'java’)
‘This is day2 of java’
'python' in a False
• #split
a.split(‘ ‘) ['This', 'is', 'day2', 'of', 'java']
• #join
" ".join(a) ‘This is day2 of java’
LIST
• l1 = []
print(type(l1)) <class 'list'>
• l2 = [1, 2, 3, 4]
#number of element inside the list
len(l2) 4
l2[0] 1
• #list can contain heterogeneous data
l3 = ['a', 1, '2.56', [2,3,4]]
print(l3) ['a', 1, '2.56', [2, 3, 4]]
l3[3][2] 4
len(l3) 4
LIST
#mutability & Immutability
l3 = ['a', 1, '2.56', [2,3,4]]
print(l3) ['a', 1, '2.56', [2, 3, 4]]
l3 = l3 + ['Vibhuti']
print(l3) ['a', 1, '2.56', [2, 3, 4], 'Vibhuti']
l2 = [1, 2, 3, 4]
max(l2) 4
min(l2) 1
sum(l2) 10
l4 = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'z', 'e’]
max(l4) ‘z’
LIST
l2 = [1, 2, 3, 4]
sorted(l2, reverse = True) [4, 3, 2, 1]
sorted(l3) “Error”—not supported
• #append
l2.append('Drishti’)
[1, 2, 3, 4, 'Drishti', 365, [1, 2, 3]]
• #extend
• l3 = ['a', 1, '2.56', [2,3,4]]
l2.extend(l3)
[1, 2, 3, 4, 365, [1, 2, 3], 'a', 1, '2.56', [2, 3,
4]]
LIST
l2 = [1, 2, 3, 4]
• #extend
• l3 = ['a', 1, '2.56', [2,3,4]]
l2.extend(l3)
[1, 2, 3, 4, 365, [1, 2, 3], 'a', 1, '2.56', [2, 3,
4]]
• #pop
popped_ele = l2.pop()
popped_ele 4
• #remove
l2.remove(365)
TUPLE
tuple1 = ('a', 1)
print(type(tuple1)) <class 'tuple’>
len(tuple1) 2
• #empty tuple
tuple2 = ()
type(tuple2) tuple
NOTE:#tuples are immutable and lists are mutable.
tup = ('mon', 1, 'tue', 2.56)
tup[0], tup[-1], tup[:2] ('mon', 2.56, ('mon', 1))
tup.index('tue’) 2
tup.count('tue’) 1
 TUPLE
city = ['patna', 'delhi', 'MP', 'Karnataka','Darbhanga']
river = ['ganga', 'yamuna', 'Narmada', 'Kaveri’]

zip(city, river) <zip at 0x7a38bf218600>

city_riv = list(zip(city, river))
city_riv [('patna', 'ganga'), ('delhi', 'yamuna’),
('MP', 'Narmada'), ('Karnataka', 'Kaveri’)]
t1 = ('a', 1, [2,3,4])
t1 ('a', 1, [2,3,4])
 SETS
#sets
#unordered
#it cannot have duplicates
#empty_set === ()
empty_set = set()
print(type(empty_set)) <class 'set’>
set1 = {'a', 2, 4, 8.56}
type(set1) set
l1 = [1,1,2,3,3,3,4]
set(l1) {1, 2, 3, 4}
l2 = list(set(l1)) [1, 2, 3, 4]
 SETS
#sets are muttable but the elemnts inside the sets are
immutable.
set1 {2, 4, 8.56, 'a’}
set1.add(5)
set1 {2, 4, 5, 8.56, 'a’}
#update
set1.update(['b', 'c', 'z’])
set1 {2, 4, 5, 8.56, 'a', 'b', 'c', 'z'}
set1.remove('a’)
set1 {2, 4, 5, 8.56, 'b', 'c', 'z'}
 SETS Contd..
• #union
A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
B = {1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 10, 11, 23}
A.union(B) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 23}
A | B {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 23}
• #intersection
A.intersection(B) {1, 2, 3}
A & B {1, 2, 3}
• #difference
A – B {4, 5, 6, 7}
A.difference(B) {4, 5, 6, 7}
B – A {8, 9, 10, 11, 23}
B.difference(A) {8, 9, 10, 11, 23}
 SETS
#symmetric_difference --- all the elements from A and B
but not the intersection
A.symmetric_difference(B)
{4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 23}
A ^ B {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 23}
 Dictionary
• empty_dict = {}
print(type(empty_dict)) <class 'dict’>
#{key1:value1, key2:val2, .......................}
marvel_dict = {'Name':'Thor','Place':'Asgard','Weapon’ :
'Hammer', 1:2, 3 : 'power', 'alibies’ :
['Ironman','Captain America’],
'abc' : {1:2, 4:5}}
• #number of key value pair in the dictionary
len(marvel_dict) 7
marvel_dict['Place’] 'Asgard’
marvel_dict.keys()
dict_values(['Thor', 'Asgard', 'Hammer', 2, 'power',
['Ironman', 'Captain America'], {1: 2, 4: 5}])
list(marvel_dict.items())
 Dictionary
• #keys, #values, #items
• #marvel_dict[3]
marvel_dict.get(3) ‘power’
• #marvel_dict['Thor'] -- key error
marvel_dict.get('Thor', 'Thor Not Found’)
'Thor Not Found’
• #update
marvel_dict.update({'Name': 'Thor', 1: 100, "age":2000})
• #pop --- it will remove/pop the key value pair
marvel_dict.pop(1) 100
marvel_dict.pop('SKS', 'NotFound’) 'NotFound'
 Dictionary
dict1 = {'India': 'New Delhi', 'Australia': 'Canberra',
'United States': 'Washington DC', 'England': 'London'}
India
for i in dict1: Australia
print(i) United States
England

dict_items([('India', 'New
dict1.items() Delhi'), ('Australia',
'Canberra'), ('United States',
'Washington DC'), ('England',
'London')])
 Dictionary
for key,value in dict1.items():
print(f'The capital of {key} is {value}')

The capital of India is New Delhi The capital

of Australia is Canberra
The capital of United States is Washington DC
The capital of England is London
 Conditionals:
#EVEN or ODD No. if cond:
if num%2 == 0: if cond is true
print('even number') execute this part
else:
else: if cond is false
print('odd number’) execute this part
num = int(input())
if num < 30 and num%2 ==0:
print(f'Number {num} is less than 30 and it is even')
else:
print(f'Number {num} is greater that 30 or it is odd')
 Conditionals:
#EVEN or ODD No. with ‘elif’
if num > 30 and num%2 ==0:
print(f'Number {num} is greater than 30 and it is even')
elif num < 30 and num%2 ==0:
print(f'Number {num} is less than 30 and it is even’)
elif num == 30 and num%2 ==0:
print(f'Number {num} is equal than 30 and it is even')
else:
print(f'Number {num} is less that 30 or it is odd')
 Conditionals: calculator
num1 = int(input("first number"))
Take three inputs from the
num2 = int(input("second number"))
user
operator = input("Enter the operator : +, -, /, *")
# num1 -- int, num2 -- int,
if operator == '+’: operator -- str(+, -, /, *)
result = num1 + num2 # create a calculator using
elif operator == '-’: if, elif, else conditioning
result = num1 - num2 # inside else --
elif operator == '/': print('choose proper
if num2 == 0: operator')
print("Div by zero is not defined")
result=(“Error”)
else:
result = num1 / num2
elif operator == '*’:
result = num1 * num2
else:
print("Choose a proper operator +, -, /, *")
print (result)
 LOOPS: #for loop
• #while --- conditions for i in range(10):
• #for --- iterators # print('IN A FOR LOOP')
print(f'Number is {i} from
##While range(10)’)
counter = 5
while counter >= 0:
print(counter)
counter -= 1 Number is 0 from range(10)
Number is 1 from range(10)
Number is 2 from range(10)
Number is 3 from range(10)
5 Number is 4 from range(10)
4 Number is 5 from range(10)
3 Number is 6 from range(10)
2 Number is 7 from range(10)
1 Number is 8 from range(10)
0 Number is 9 from range(10)
 Range
list(range(10))
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
list(range(1,11))
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
list(range(11,1,-1))
[11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2]
l1 = ['apple', 'banana', 'guava', 'strawberry’]
s = ''
for fruit in l1: apple is a fruit
print(f'{fruit} is a fruit') banana is a fruit
guava is a fruit
s = s + ' ' + fruit strawberry is a fruit
 for: #take input from user
t1 = (1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4)
--- x
sum = 0 #create two lists one
for num in t1: is even and another
is odd
sum += num 19
#separate the odd &
number = int(input("Enter the number?")) even numbers in the
even = [] range of the input
taken
odd = []
for num in range(number+1): [0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24,
if num % 2 == 0: 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48,
even.append(num) 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72,
74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96,
else: 98, 100]
odd.append(num) [1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25,
print(even) 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49,
51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73,
print(odd) 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97,
99]
 for: (USING PRINT)
got_houses = ['Stark', 'Arryn', 'Baratheon', 'Tully', 'Greyjoy', 'Lannister',
'Tyrell', 'Martell', 'Targaryen']
• for house in got_houses: for index,house in enumerate(got_houses):
print(f'House {house}’) print(f'The index of House {house} is {index}')

House Stark The index of House Stark is 0

House Arryn The index of House Arryn is 1
House Baratheon The index of House Baratheon is 2
House Tully The index of House Tully is 3
House Greyjoy The index of House Greyjoy is 4
House Lannister The index of House Lannister is 5
House Tyrell The index of House Tyrell is 6
House Martell The index of House Martell is 7
House Targaryen The index of House Targaryen is 8
 for: (USING PRINT)
s1 = 'Intellipaat'
for ele in s1:
print(ele)

I The index of House Stark is 0

n The index of House Arryn is 1
t The index of House Baratheon is 2
e The index of House Tully is 3
l The index of House Greyjoy is 4
l The index of House Lannister is 5
i The index of House Tyrell is 6
p The index of House Martell is 7
a The index of House Targaryen is 8
a
t
LIST OF SQUARE #take input from the user
num = int(input("Enter the number")) num --- int
list_square_of_numbers = [] #create a list that
contain the square of the
for i in range(1,num+1): elements in the given
list_square_of_numbers.append(i**2) range
# ex:
# num = 10
# output --- [1, 4, 9,
16, 25, 36, 49, .... 100]
square_list = []
number_range = int(input("enter the range of numbers to print squares"))
for i in range(1,number_range+1):
square_list.append(i*i)
print(f'your list of squared numbers is as follows {square_list}')
LIST COMPREHENSION:
num = int(input("Enter the number"))
square_of_numbers = [i**2 for i in range(1,num+1)]

square_of_numbers [1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]

number = int(input("Enter the number?"))

even = []
odd = [] number = int(input("Enter
for num in range(number+1): the number?"))
if num % 2 == 0: e = [i for i in
even.append(num) range(number+1) if i%2 ==
else:
0]
odd.append(num)
print(even)
print(odd)
BREAK:
#break --- break the
num = 1
e = []
o = []
while num < 21:
if num % 2==0:
e.append(num)
if num%10 == 0:
break
else:
o.append(num)
num += 1
DEFINING FUNCTION:
def function():
pass
def even_odd(number,e_o):
'''
this function is used to check get even odd number is used for range e_o is used
to make sure
of the return
''' #even_odd()
even = [] #even_odd(20,'odd')
odd = []
for num in range(number+1):
if num % 2 == 0:
even.append(num)
else:
odd.append(num)
if e_o == 'even':
return even
elif e_o == 'odd':
return odd
else:
print('choose even or odd')