Python

Lectures
Exploring Basic Concepts of Python Programming

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Introduction

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01

Intro to
Python
History of Python

→ Python was created in the late 1980s by Guido van

Rossum, with its first release in 1991. It was
designed as a simple, easy-to-learn language aimed
primarily at readability and ease of use. Python has
evolved significantly over the years, becoming one of
the most popular programming languages due to its
versatility and robust community support.
Features of Python

→ Python is known for its simplicity and readability,

which allows developers to express concepts in fewer
lines of code. It supports multiple programming
paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and
functional programming. Additionally, Python boasts
extensive standard libraries and frameworks, making
it suitable for web development, data analysis,
artificial intelligence, and more.
Applications of Python
Python is widely used in various domains such
as web development, data science, machine
learning, automation, and scientific computing.
Its ease of integration with other languages and
tools has made it a favorite among developers
for building applications ranging from simple
scripts to complex systems in industries such as
finance, healthcare, and education.

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02

Python Tokens
Types of Tokens

→ Tokens are the smallest building blocks in a Python

program. There are various types of tokens, including
keywords, identifiers, literals, operators, and
delimiters. Keywords are reserved words that have
special meaning in Python, while identifiers are
names given to entities such as variables and
functions. Literals represent fixed values, and
operators are used for various operations.
Examples of Tokens

→ An example of a keyword is 'def', used to define a

function. An identifier might be 'my_variable', while
an integer like '10' serves as a literal. Operators
include symbols like '+', '-', and '*', while delimiters
such as parentheses '()' are used to group
expressions or parameters.
Token Importance
Understanding tokens is crucial for writing
syntactically correct Python code. They form the
basis of code structure, enabling the compiler to
parse and understand the program. Proper use
of tokens ensures the code performs the
intended operations, making knowledge of
tokens essential for both beginners and
experienced programmers.

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03

Python Program
Structure
Basic Syntax

→ Python syntax is designed to be intuitive and clear,

using indentation to define code blocks instead of
braces or keywords. A Python statement typically
involves a command, which can be a function call, a
declaration, or an operation. Understanding and
adhering to the correct syntax is crucial for writing
error-free Python programs.
Code Organization

→ Organizing code effectively is essential for readability

and maintainability. Python encourages the use of
functions and classes to encapsulate code logic. A
standard structure for a Python script includes
defining functions at the top, followed by the main
execution logic under an 'if __name__ == "__main__":
' block, which allows for modularity and reuse.
Comments in Python
Comments are vital for code documentation,
allowing developers to explain the purpose and
functionality of code segments. In Python,
comments are created using the '#' symbol for
single-line comments and triple quotes for
multi-line comments. Properly commented code
enhances collaboration and understanding
among multiple developers.

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04

Variables &
Assignment
Variable Declaration

→ In Python, variables are created simply by assigning

a value to a name, without requiring explicit
declaration. The assignment is done using the '='
operator. Variable names must start with a letter or
underscore, followed by letters, digits or
underscores. Python is dynamically typed, allowing
variables to change types throughout execution.
Data Types
Python supports several built-in data types,
including integers, floats, strings, lists,
dictionaries, tuples, and sets. Each type has
different properties and uses, such as strings for
text, lists for ordered collections, and
dictionaries for key-value pairs. Understanding
these data types is crucial for effective data
manipulation.

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Assignment Operators

→ Python offers several assignment operators beyond

simple assignment (='). These include augmented
assignment operators (like +=, -=) which combine
an arithmetic operation with assignment.
Understanding these operators enables concise and
clear coding, especially when performing calculations
and updates to variable values.
05

Input &
Output
Using input() function
The input() function in Python is used to take
user input from the console. It can accept a
prompt as an argument, allowing the developer
to guide the user on what information to
provide. The input is returned as a string, which
can be converted to other data types as
needed.

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Printing Output

→ The print() function is used to display output on the

console. It can take multiple arguments, and allows
formatting through various parameters such as 'sep'
and 'end', enabling customized output display. Print
statements are essential for debugging and providing
feedback to users.
Formatting Output

→ Python provides several methods for formatting

output, including f-strings, the format() method, and
the '%' operator. Each approach allows for dynamic
insertion of variables into strings, ensuring that the
output is not only informative but also visually
structured and user-friendly.
Conclusions

→ In summary, understanding the basic concepts of

Python such as syntax, variables, and input-output
operations is foundational for effective programming.
Mastery of these topics empowers developers to
write clean, efficient, and readable code, facilitating
problem-solving and logical reasoning in
programming.
 Do you have any questions?

Thank you!

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