15

Managing Database Performance

Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

 Objectives

After completing this lesson, you should be able to:

• Monitor the performance of sessions and services
• Use the SQL Tuning Advisor to:
– Identify SQL statements that are using the most resources
– Tune SQL statements that are using the most resources
• Use the SQL Access Advisor to tune a workload
• Describe the benefits of Database Replay

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 Tuning Activities

The three activities in performance management are:

• Performance planning
• Instance tuning
• SQL tuning

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 Performance Planning

• Investment options
• System architecture
• Scalability
• Application design principles
• Workload testing, modeling, and implementation
• Deploying new applications

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 Instance Tuning

• Have well-defined goals.

• Allocate memory to database structures.
• Consider I/O requirements in each part of the database.
• Tune the operating system for optimal performance of the
database.

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 Performance Tuning Methodology

The tuning steps:

• Tune from the top down. Tune:
1. The design
2. The application code
3. The instance
• Tune the area with the greatest potential benefit. Identify
and tune:
– SQL using the greatest resources
– The longest waits
– The largest service times
• Stop tuning when the goal is met.

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 Performance Monitoring

Enterprise Manager provides:

• Performance overview on the database home page

• Graphs of metrics and details through the Performance tab

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 Performance Tuning Data

Type of data gathered:

• Cumulative statistics:
– Wait events with time information
– Time model
• Metrics: Statistic rates
• Sampled statistics: Active session history
– Statistics by session
– Statistics by SQL
– Statistics by service
– Other dimensions

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 Optimizer Statistics Collection

• SQL performance tuning depends on the collection of

accurate statistics.
• There are different types of statistics:
– Optimizer statistics
– System statistics
• There are different methods of collecting statistics:
– Automatically, through the Automatic Maintenance Tasks
– Manually, with the DBMS_STATS package
– By setting database initialization parameters
– By importing statistics from another database

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 Oracle Wait Events

• A collection of wait events provides information

about the sessions or processes that had to wait or must
wait for different reasons.
• These events are listed in the V$EVENT_NAME view.

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 System Statistics

V$SYSSTAT V$SYSTEM_WAIT_CLASS V$SGASTAT

• statistic# • wait_class_id • pool
• name • wait_class# • name
• class • wait_class • bytes
• value • total_waits
• stat_id • time_waited

V$EVENT_NAME
• event_number V$SYSTEM_EVENT
• event
• event_id
• total_waits
• name
• total_timeouts
• parameter1
• time_waited
• parameter2
• average_wait
• parameter3
• time_waited_micro
• wait_class

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 Monitoring Session Performance

Details of session performance are available in EM:

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 Displaying Session-Related Statistics

V$STATNAME V$SESSTAT V$SESSION

• statistic# • sid • sid
• name • statistic# • serial#
• class • value • username
• command
• osuser
• seq#
• event#
V$SESSION_EVENT V$EVENT_NAME • event
• sid • event# • p1/2/3text
• event • name • p1/2/3
• total_waits • parameter1 • p1/2/3raw
• total_timeouts • parameter2 • wait_class
• time_waited • parameter3 • wait_time
• average_wait • seconds_in_wait
• max_wait • state
• time_waited_micro • ...
• event_id

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 Displaying Service-Related Statistics

For n-tier environments, because session statistics are not as

helpful, you can see service-level statistics in these views:
• V$SERVICE_EVENT: Aggregated wait counts and wait times
for each service, on a per event basis
• V$SERVICE_WAIT_CLASS: Aggregated wait counts and wait
times for each service on a wait class basis

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 Troubleshooting and Tuning Views

Instance/Database Disk
V$DATABASE V$DATAFILE
V$INSTANCE V$FILESTAT
V$PARAMETER V$LOG
V$SPPARAMETER V$LOG_HISTORY
V$SYSTEM_PARAMETER V$DBFILE
V$PROCESS V$TEMPFILE
V$BGPROCESS V$TEMPSEG_USAGE
V$PX_PROCESS_SYSSTAT V$SEGMENT_STATISTICS

V$SYSTEM_EVENT Contention
Memory V$LOCK
V$BUFFER_POOL_STATISTICS V$UNDOSTAT
V$LIBRARYCACHE V$WAITSTAT
V$SGAINFO V$LATCH
V$PGASTAT

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 Dictionary Views

• The following dictionary and special views provide useful

statistics after using the DBMS_STATS package:
– DBA_TABLES, DBA_TAB_COLUMNS
– DBA_CLUSTERS
– DBA_INDEXES
– DBA_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
• This statistical information is static until you reexecute the
appropriate procedures in DBMS_STATS.

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 Automatic Workload Repository

ADDM finds
MMON
top problems.

SYSAUX
SGA
6:00 AM
Snapshot 1
In-memory 7:00 AM
Snapshot 2
statistics 8:00 AM Snapshot 3
9:00 AM
Snapshot 4

9:30 AM

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 SQL Tuning

SQL tuning process

• Identify poorly tuned SQL statements.
• Tune the individual statements.
• Tune the application as a whole.

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 SQL Advisors

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 Automatic SQL Tuning Results

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 Implement Automatic Tuning
Recommendations

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 SQL Tuning Advisor: Overview

Comprehensive SQL tuning

Detect stale or missing

statistics

Tune SQL plan

(SQL profile)

Add missing index

SQL Tuning
Add materialized view
Advisor
Restructure SQL

Implement partitioning

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 Using the SQL Tuning Advisor

• Use the SQL Tuning Advisor to analyze SQL statements and

obtain performance recommendations.
• Sources for SQL Tuning Advisor to analyze:
– Top Activity: Analyzes the top SQL statements currently
active
– SQL Tuning Sets: Analyzes a set of SQL statements you
provide
– Historical SQL (AWR): Analyzes SQL statements from
statements collected by AWR snapshots

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 SQL Tuning Advisor Options

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 SQL Tuning Advisor
Recommendations

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 Using the SQL Tuning Advisor: Example

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 SQL Tuning Advisor:
Identifying Duplicate SQL

Bind variable
candidates

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 SQL Access Advisor: Overview

Workload specification
Recommendations
-SQL statement
-Indexes
-SQL Tuning Set
-Materialized views
-SQL cache contents
-Materialized view logs
-Statistics
-Partitioning
-Schema name

SQL Access
Advisor

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 Typical SQL Access Advisor Session

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 Workload Source

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 Recommendation Options

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 Recommendation Options

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 Reviewing Recommendations

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 Database Replay

Database Replay:
• Captures production workloads
• Tests with realistic workloads
• Replays the same SQL against the same data in each test

Workload

Capture Replay

Production Test
database database

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 System Architecture: Capture

Capture directory

Shadow capture file

Shadow Shadow Shadow Shadow

Shadow capture file

Recording infrastructure
Database stack Shadow capture file

Shadow capture file

Background Background

Database
backup

Production
database

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 System Architecture: Processing the Workload

Capture directory

Process capture files

Shadow capture file

Shadow capture file

Database stack Shadow capture file

Shadow capture file

Background Background

Database
backup

Production
Process
database capture

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 System Architecture: Replay
Replay
system Replay Replay
client client
Capture directory

Process capture files

Shadow … Shadow Shadow … Shadow
Shadow capture file

Shadow capture file

Database stack Shadow capture file

Shadow capture file

Background Background

Test
system
with
Database changes

backup

Test
database

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 The Big Picture
Prechange Production System Postchange Test System

Clients/App servers
Capture directory Replay
system

Process capture files

Shadow capture file

Shadow capture file

Shadow capture file

Test
Production Shadow capture file system
system with
changes

Production Database Database

database backup restore
Can use Snapshot Standby as test system

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 Workloads Supported

• Captured operations:
– All SQL (DML, DDL, PL/SQL) with practically all types of binds
– Full LOB functionality (cursor based and direct OCI)
– Local transactions
– Login/logoff
– Session switching
– Limited PL/SQL RPCs
• Limitations: Operations not captured
– Direct path load, import/export
– OCI-based object navigation (ADTs) and REF binds
– Streams, non-PL/SQL-based AQ
– Distributed transactions, remote describe/commit operations
– Flashback (Database and Query)
– Shared server

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 Using Enterprise Manager for Workload Capture

Start

Workload recording

Plan

Shutdown - Startup Restricted

...

Capture Raw captured

data

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 Using Enterprise Manager for Workload Replay

Workload Replay

Process Capture
Replay Files
& Metadata
Raw captured data
(from production Initialize Replay
system)
Prepare

Replay
Replay
Report
Analyze End

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 Summary

In this lesson, you should have learned how to:

• Monitor the performance of sessions and services
• Use the SQL Tuning Advisor to:
– Identify SQL statements that are using the most resources
– Tune SQL statements that are using the most resources
• Use the SQL Access Advisor to tune a workload
• Describe the benefits of Database Replay

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 Practice 15 Overview:
Monitor Instance Performance
This practice covers the following topics:
• Monitoring Top Services and Sessions
• Using SQL Tuning Advisor
• Using SQL Access Advisor

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