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TCP/IP, or Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, is a suite of communication protocols developed by the U.S. Department of Defense for connecting networks and ensuring data integrity. It consists of five layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, and Application, each serving specific functions in data transmission. The suite includes various protocols such as IP, TCP, and HTTP, which facilitate different aspects of internet communication.

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2 views11 pages

C2 Project

TCP/IP, or Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, is a suite of communication protocols developed by the U.S. Department of Defense for connecting networks and ensuring data integrity. It consists of five layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, and Application, each serving specific functions in data transmission. The suite includes various protocols such as IP, TCP, and HTTP, which facilitate different aspects of internet communication.

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baryongaming3325
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TCP/IP

TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control


Protocol/Internet Protocol. The TCP/IP model was
developed by the U.S. Department of Defense
(DoD) to connect multiple networks and preserve
data integrity.
Reference
model
The TCP/IP is the conceptual model and set
of communication protocols used on the
internet and similar computer networks.
The TCP/IP protocol suite establishes the
technical foundation of the internet. TCP/IP
protocol suite also called the internet
protocol suite
Protocol
The TCP/IP is a protocol suite(a set of
protocols organized in different layers) used
in the internet today. It is hierarchical
protocol made up of interactive modules ,
each of which provides a specific
functionality.
The term hierarchical means that each
upper-level protocol is supported by the
services provided by one or more lower-level
protocols.
Layerd Structure
TCP/IP is not one protocol , but is a suite of
many protocols.
TCP/IP protocol suite contains five layers. To
better understand the duties of each layer ,
we need to think about the logical
connections between layers.
LAYERS
APPLICATION 5
TRANSPORT 4
NETWORK 3
DATA LINK 2
PHYSICAL
1
Layer
s
Physical
The Physical Layer is the lowest level in Two devices are connected by a
TCP/IP network model is responsible for transmission medium (cable or air). It
carrying individual bits in a frame across carries electrical or optical signals.
the link. There are several protocols that
The communication between two devices transform a bit to a signal, including
at the physical layer is still a logical Ethernet, Token ring (820.3), FDDI, X.25,
communication because there is another, Frame relay.
Data Link
An internet is made up of several links The link can be a wired LAN with a link-
(LANs and WANs) connected by routers. layer switch, a wireless LAN, a wired
There may be several overlapping sets of WAN, or a wireless WAN.
links that a datagram can travel from the We can also a have different protocols
host to the destination. The routers are used with any link type. In each case,
responsible for choosing the best links. the data-link layer is responsible for
moving the packet through the link.
The Data-Link layer is responsible for
Examples of data-link layer protocols are
taking the datagram and moving it across
Ethernet, IEEE 802.2framing and Point-
the link.
to-Point Protocol framing.
The network layer in TCP/IP protocol suite
is responsible for creating connection
between the source computer and the
destination computer. The communication
at network layer is host-to-host.
Includes the main protocol (IP), that
defines the format of the packet, called a
datagram at the network layer. IP also
defines the and format and the addresses
used in network layers

Network
IP is connectionless protocol that
provides no flow control, no error control
and no congestion control services.
Auxiliary protocols of the network layer
in TCP/IP:
Internet Control Message Protocol
(ICMP).
Internet Group Management Protocol
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Address Resolution Protocol
The transport layer in TCP/IP protocol suite The main protocol of transport layer is
is responsible for giving services to the Transmission Control Protocol
application layer. TCP provides flow control, error
To get a message from application control, and congestion control to
program running on the source host and reduce the loss of segments due
deliver it to the corresponding application congestion in the network.
program on the destination host.
The other common transport layer
protocol is User Datagram Protocol

Transport
Application The File Transfer Protocol is used for
Process-to-Process communication is the transferring files from one host to
duty of the application layer. The another.
application layer in the internet includes
many predefined protocols. The Simple Network Management
Protocol is used to manage the
The HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is internet at global and local levels.
a vehicle for accessing the World Wide
Web (WWW or Web). The simple Mail The Domain Name System is used by
Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is the main ither protocols to find the network-
protocol used in e-mail service. layer address to the computer.
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