Scribd
Upload
18 views21 pages

Torsion

The document discusses the mechanics of torsion in circular shafts, detailing assumptions such as the preservation of cross-sectional planes and the absence of axial strain. It provides formulas for calculating torsional shearing stress and angle of twist, along with various examples to illustrate applications in engineering scenarios. Additionally, it covers the torsion of thin-walled tubes and includes specific examples to determine wall thickness and shear stress limits.

Uploaded by

matinavaliere.business23
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
18 views21 pages

Torsion

The document discusses the mechanics of torsion in circular shafts, detailing assumptions such as the preservation of cross-sectional planes and the absence of axial strain. It provides formulas for calculating torsional shearing stress and angle of twist, along with various examples to illustrate applications in engineering scenarios. Additionally, it covers the torsion of thin-walled tubes and includes specific examples to determine wall thickness and shear stress limits.

Uploaded by

matinavaliere.business23
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

TORSION

MECHANIC S OF DEFORMABLE BODIES


Assumptions: Torsion of
Circular Shafts
 Circular cross sections remain plane (do not warp) and perpendicular to the axis of the shaft
 Cross sections do not deform (there is no strain in the plane of the cross section).
 The distances between cross sections do not change ( the axial normal strain is zero).
TORSIONAL SHEARING
STRESS
For a solid or hollow circular shaft subject to a twisting moment T,
the torsional shearing stress at a distance from the center of the
shaft is:

and

where J is the polar moment of inertia of the section and r is the


outer radius.
TORSIONAL SHEARING
STRESS

Sign conventions for Torque T and angle of twist


TORSIONAL SHEARING
STRESS

Polar moments of inertia of circular


areas
TORSIONAL SHEARING
STRESS
ANGLE OF TWIST
The rotation of the cross section at the free end of the shaft, called the angle of twist is
obtained from:

In the case of a prismatic bar carrying a constant torque:


Example 1
The 12 kN-m torque is applied to the
free end of the 6-m steel shaft. The
angle of rotation of the shaft is to be
limited to 3o.
a. Find the diameter of the smallest
shaft that can be used.
b. What will be the maximum shear
stress in the shaft.
Use G = 83 Gpa for steel.
Example 2
The steel shaft is formed by attaching a hollow shaft to a solid shaft. Determine the maximum
torque that can be applied to the ends of the shaft without exceeding a shear stress of 70 MPa
or an angle of twist of 2.5o in the 3.5-m length. Use G = 83 GPa for steel.
Example 3
The solid compound shaft, made of three different materials, carries two torques shown.
a. Calculate the maximum shear stress in each material.
b. Find the angle of rotation of the free end of the shaft.
The shear moduli are 28 GPa for aluminum, 83 GPa for steel, and 35 GPa for bronze.
Example 4
The compound shaft is attached to a rigid wall at each end. For the bronze segment AB, the
diameter is 75 mm and G = 35 GPa. For the steel segment BC, the diameter is 50 mm and G = 83
GPa. Given that a = 2 m and b = 1.5 m. compute the largest torque T that can be applied as
shown in the figure if the maximum shear stress is limited to 60 MPa in the bronze and 80 MPa
in the steel.
Example 5
The two identical shafts 1 and 2 are built into
supports at their left ends. Gears mounted on
their right ends engage a third gear that is
attached to shaft 3. Determine the torques in
shafts 1 and 2 when the 500-Nm torque is
applied to shaft 3.
POWER TRANSMISSION
A shaft rotating with a constant angular velocity (in radians
per second) is being acted on by a twisting moment T. The
power transmission by the shaft is:

and In SI , P is measured in watts (1.0W = 1


N.m/s) and f in hertz (1 Hz = 1 rev/s)

In English units, P is measured in lb.ft/s


and 1hp = 550 lb.ft/s
EXAMPLE 6
The figure shows an inboard engine, 8-ft long steel drive shaft, and propeller for a motor boat.
The shaft is to be designed to safely transmit 200 hp at 3500 rev/min. Determine the diameter
of the smallest shaft that can be used and its corresponding angle of twist. For the steel, use a
working shear stress of 12000 psi and G = 12 x 106 psi.
EXAMPLE 7
The steel shaft with two different diameters rotates at 4 Hz. The power supplied to gear C is 55
kW, of which 35 kW is removed by gear A and 20 kW is removed by gear B. Find
a. The maximum shear stress in the shaft
b. The angle of rotation of gear A relative to gear C.
Use G = 83 GPa for steel.
TORSION OF THIN-
WALLED TUBES
Assumptions:
• The tube is prismatic (constant cross section)
• The surface that lies midway between the inner and
outer boundaries of the tube is called the middle
surface.
• If t is small compared to the overall dimensions of the
cross sections, the shear stress induced by torsion is
constant through the wall thickness of the tube and
directed tangent to the middle surface.
• The shear force per unit edge length of the middle
surface is called the shear flow q.
AVERAGE SHEAR STRESS
and
ANGLE OF TWIST
EXAMPLE 8
A torque of 800 N-m is applied to a tube with the rectangular cross section shown. Determine
the smallest allowable wall thickness t if the shear stress is no to exceed 90 MPa.
EXAMPLE 9
The segment AB of the steel torsion bar is a cylindrical tube of
constant 2-mm wall thickness. Segment BC is a square tube
with a constant wall thickness of 3 mm. The outer dimensions
of the cross sections are shown in the figure. The tubes are
attached to a rigid bracket at B which is loaded by a couple
formed by the forces P. Determine the largest value of P if the
shear stress in either tube is limited to 60 Mpa.

You might also like