General

Mathemat
ics
Objective
s
At the end of the lesson, we will be able to;

1. define function and relations;

2. distinguishes functions from relations and its
type; &
3. Determine whether a relation is a function
using vertical line test;
Memo Recall
What is relation(s)?

What is function(s)?
 are important mathematical equations that have real-life
applications.
 Arises whenever two things are related to each other or depends
on another by some type of rule.
 Every day, you find situations where one quantity
depends on another.
For
instance
The scores you get in your exams depend on the
amount of work you put in studying.
 If your parents are keen on your school progress,
your allowance might depend on your academic
performance.
 A wage-earner’s income depends on the number of
hours he worked.
 The amount of weight a person gains is a function of
how much food he eats.
  A function is used to describe how one variable
depends on another.
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable

The amount of money a worker makes is a function of how many

hours he works.
 The number of hours the worker spends on his job is
(Independent Variable)
 The amount of money he makes is (Dependent Variable)
 Relations
A relation is a rule that relates values from a set of
values (called the domain) to a second set of values
(called the range)
A set of ordered pairs (x, y).
Functions
Is a relation with the property that every element
of X corresponds to exactly one element of Y.
Is a set of ordered pairs in which one input will
produce one output.
Also Domain and Range.
 Learn about It!

Function
1 It is a special kind of relation in which no two distinct ordered pairs have
the same first element.

In an equation in two variables, and , the variable may

be expressed as if every value of corresponds to a
single value of .
 Learn about It!

Independent and Dependent Variables

2 The value that a function takes in is called the input or the independent
variable while the corresponding value that it produces is the output or
the dependent variable.

Example:
Assume that you are in a grocery store. Each grocery
item has its own corresponding price.

This is an example of a function wherein the

independent variable is the grocery item while the
dependent variable is its price.
 Learn about It!

3 Ways of Writing Functions

Example: There are different ways of writing .

Function Notation Description

is written as a function of , or
The arrow is read as “is mapped to.”
The colon symbol () is read as “such
that.”
The function is written as a set.
Functions
as a
Machine
 Input Process Output
(Value of x) (Equation rule) (Value of y)

N S
I O
AT
L F(5)=31

𝑓RA(𝑥 T)=6𝑥+1!
U F(7)=43

G ! F(3)=19

O N
C
 Input
Output (Dependent)
(independent)
(Value of y)
(Value of x)

Ordered Pair
x y
5 31
7 43
3 19

Set of ordered pairs

{(5, 31), (7, 43), (3, 19)}
What have you observe from the activity?
 Output is dependent from the input
 Input corresponds to exactly one output
 They are related to each other
Problem 1:
A wage-earner’s income depends on the number
of hoursNo.he worked.
of hours he worked (x) A wage-earner’s income (y)
1 120
2 P120/ hour 240
3 360
4 480

Ordered Pairs : {(1, 120), (2, 240), (3, 360),

(4, 480)}
Domain: {1, 2, 3, 4}
Range: {120, 240, 360, 480}
 Learn about It!

Relation
1 a set of objects, such as numbers, grouped with one another which may or
may not represent a pattern; simply a set of ordered pairs that are
arranged in an orderly manner

Example:
Billy is associated to his friends: Gabriel, Jasmine, and
Luis. We can define a relation showing Billy’s association
or correspondence.
 Types of
relations of
ordered
 Learn about It!

One-to-One Correspondence
1 Each value of the independent variable is unique and is associated with a
unique value of the dependent variable

Example:
1. One-to-one correspondence
 Each value of x is unique and is associated with a unique
value of y.
Domain Domain
Range Range

-3 -6 -3 -6

-2 -1 -2 -1

-1 0 -1 0

0 3 0 3

1 15 1 15
 Learn about It!

Many-to-One Correspondence
2 Two or more values of is associated with the same value of

Example:
2. Many-to-one correspondence
 Two or more values of x are associated with the
same value of y.
Domain
Range

1 2

2 4

4 8

5
 Learn about It!

One-to-Many Correspondence
3 Some values of are associated with more than one value of

Example:
3. One-to-many correspondence
 Some values of x are associated with more than one
value of y .
Domain
Range

-3 -6

-2 -1

-1 0

0 3

1 15
 Learn about It!

Many-to-Many Correspondence
4 Some values of and are associated with more than one value of their
counterpart

Example:
4. Many-to-many correspondence
 Some values of both x and y are associated with
more than one value of their counterpart.

Domain
Range

-3 -6

-2 -1

-1 0

0 3

1 15
 1 2 3 4
Domain Domain Domain Domain
Range Range Range Range
-3 -6 1 2 -3 -6 -3 -6

-2 -1 2 4 -2 -1 -2 -1

-1 0 3 -1 0 -1 0

0 3 4 8 0 3 0 3

1 15 5 1 15 1 15

Relations & Relations &

Relations & Relations &
not not
Function Function
Function Function
 Learn about It!

Function
6 It is a special kind of relation in which no two distinct ordered pairs have
the same first element.

Example:
Miguel, Karlo, and Bien are paired to their respective
schools. Let us name this relation .

is a function because no two ordered pairs have the

same first element.
Direction:
Solve and determine whether the given ordered pairs a
function or not.
1. If
Domai {2, 5, 7} Range {3, 6, 8, 4}
n
Illustrat
e A B
3
2
6
not function
5
8
7 4
Direction:
Solve and determine whether the given ordered pairs a
function or not.
2. If
Domai {2, 3, 4, 6} Range {5, 7, 8}
n
Illustrat
e A B
2
3
5 function
7
4
8
6
Direction:
Solve and determine whether the given ordered pairs a
function or not.
3. If
{-1, -5, -9, -
Domai {0, 2, 4, 6} Range
n 13}
Illustrat
e A B
-1
0
2
-5 function
-9
4
-
6
13
 Try It!

Example 1: Determine whether the following set is a

function.
 Vertical Line Test
Determines whether a relation is a
function or not by passing or drawing
a vertical line through the graph of its
ordered pairs.
A relation is a function if the vertical
line intersects or passes through its
graph in only one point.
 Learn about It!

Vertical Line Test

7 It can be used to determine if a graph represents a function.

Example:
The given graph on the right passes
the vertical line test since if we draw
an imaginary vertical line anywhere on
the graph, it would touch exactly one
point.
Direction:
Determine whether the graph is a function or not.

Not
Function
1. __________ Function
2. __________ 3. __________
function
 Not Not
Function
4. __________ 5. __________ 6. __________
function function
Q and A
 Try
Let’s
it!Practice

Example 1: Consider an electric fan as a function

machine. What you do you think is the input,
the function, and the output?
Quick
Test

A Function C Variable

B Equation D Notation
Quick
Test

A Function C Variable

B Equation D Notation
Quick
Test

A Relation C Variable

B Equation D Notation
Quick
Test

A Relation C Variable

B Equation D Notation
Quick
Test

Many to One One to Many

A C Correspondence
Correspondence
One to One D Many to Many
B Correspondence
Correspondence
Quick
Test

Many to One One to Many

A C Correspondence
Correspondence
One to One D Many to Many
B Correspondence
Correspondence
Quick
Test

A Horizontal Line Test C Diagonal Line Test

B Vertical Line Test D Intersecting Line Test

Quick
Test

A Horizontal Line Test C Diagonal Line Test

B Vertical Line Test D Intersecting Line Test

Quick
Test
Thank You for
Listening!