United Nations (UN)

 An International/ Inter-Govermental Organization

 Founded in 1945 with the purpose to :

 To Maintain International peace and security

 To Promote economic and social development
 To Promote Human Rights

 Original Members: 51 Present Members 193.

 India is founding members of the United Nations.

 India Officially joined (ratified) UN on October, 30, 1945.

 Recent Most addition to UN- South Sudan in July 2011

 Head Quarter in New York

 United Nations (UN)

The Preamble describes four pillars of the United Nation:

 Peace and Securtiy / सुरक्षा और शांति

 Human Rights / मानवाधिकार

 The Rule of Law /अंतरराष्ट्रीय कानून का शासन

 Development / विकास
 United Nations (UN)

The United Nation name Coined by the President of the U.S

President of U.S Franklin D. Roosevelt

First Used in the declaration by the United Nation of 1

January 1942, during Second world war.

Original U.N. logo – Created by a team of designer in 1945-

led by Oliver Lincoln Lundquist
 United Nations (UN)

 The United Nations, with headquarters in New York City, is an international organization founded in 1945.
It is currently made up of 193 Member States. The mission and work of the United Nations are guided by
the purposes and principles contained in its founding Charter.

 Due to the powers vested in its Charter and its unique international character, the United Nations can take
action on the issues confronting humanity in the 21st century, such as peace and security, climate change,
sustainable development, human rights, disarmament, terrorism, humanitarian and health emergencies,
gender equality, governance, food production, and more.

 The UN also provides a forum for its members to express their views in the General Assembly, the Security
Council, the Economic and Social Council, and other bodies and committees. By enabling dialogue
between its members, and by hosting negotiations, the Organization has become a mechanism for
governments to find areas of agreement and solve problems together.

 The UN's Chief Administrative Officer is the Secretary-General.

 2020 marks the 75th anniversary of the United Nations.

Headquarters Manhattan, New York City
Official languages •Arabic
•Chinese
•English
•French
•Russian
•Spanish
Type Inter-governmental organization
Membership 193 member states
2 observer states
• Secretary‑General António Guterres
• Deputy Secretary-General Amina J. Mohammed
• General Assembly President Philemon Yang
• Economic and Social Council President Bob Rae
Establishment
• UN Charter signed 26 June 1945 (79 years ago)
• Charter entered into force 24 October 1945 (79 years ago)
 UN Membership—from 51 to 193
1945, Original 51 Members: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Canada,
Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia,
France, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, India, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Liberia, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand,
Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippine Republic, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist
Republic, Union of South Africa, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela,
Yugoslavia
1946, 55: Afghanistan, Iceland, Siam, Sweden
1947, 57: Pakistan, Yemen
1948, 58: Burma
1949, 59: Israel
1950, 60: Indonesia
1955, 76: Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Ceylon, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Jordan, Laos, Libya, Nepal, Portugal,
Romania, Spain
1956, 80: Japan, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia
1957, 82: Ghana, Federation of Malaya
1958, 83: Guinea
1960, 99: Cameroun, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Leopoldville), Cyprus, Dahomey, Gabon, Ivory
Coast, Malagasy Republic, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia, Togo, Upper Volta
 UN Membership—from 51 to 193
1961, 104: Mauritania, Mongolia, Sierra Leone, Tanganyika
1962, 110: Algeria, Burundi, Jamaica, Rwanda, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda
1963, 113: Kenya, Kuwait, Zanzibar
1964, 115: Malawi, Malta, Zambia
1965, 117: The Gambia, Maldive Islands, Singapore
1966, 122: Barbados, Botswana, Guyana, Lesotho
1967, 123: Yemen
1968, 126: Equatorial Guinea, Mauritius, Swaziland
1970, 127: Fiji
1971, 132: Bahrain, Bhutan, Oman, Qatar, United Arab Emirates
1973, 135: Bahamas, Federal Republic of Germany, German Democratic Republic
1974, 138: Bangladesh, Grenada, Guinea-Bissau
1975, 144: Cape Verde, Comoros, Mozambique, Papua New Guinea, Sao Tome and Principe, Suriname
1976, 147: Angola, Samoa, Seychelles
1977, 149: Djibouti, Viet Nam
1978, 151: Dominica, Solomon Islands
1979, 152: Saint Lucia
1980, 154: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Zimbabwe
 UN Membership—from 51 to 193
1981, 157: Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, Vanuatu
1983, 158: Saint Christopher and Nevis
1984, 159: Brunei Darussalam
1990, 159: Liechtenstein, Namibia
1991, 166: Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Marshall Islands, Federated
States of Micronesia, Republic of Korea
1992, 179: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Republic of Moldova, San Marino, Slovenia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
1993, 184: Andorra, Czech Republic, Eritrea, Monaco, Slovakia, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
1994, 185: Palau
1999, 188: Kiribati, Nauru, Tonga
2000, 189: Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Tuvalu
2002, 191: Switzerland, Timor-Leste
2006, 192: Montenegro
2011, 193: South Sudan
 History of the (UN)

 Towards the end of World War II – nations were in WW2: 1 September 1939- 2
September 1945
ruins and world wanted peace

 50 Countries gathered at the United Nations WW2 started with Germany

invasion of Poland on 1
Conference on International Organization in San
September 1939
Francisco, California (also known as the San
Francisco Conferrence) between 25 April and 26
June 1945 to sign a document- The UN Charter
Axis Power- Germany, Italy
which created an organization- The United Nations
and Japan and the Allies-
 These were the nations which had declared war France, Great Britain, the
Untied States, the soviet
on Germany and Japan and had subscribed to
Union and to a lesser extent
the United Nations Declarations (1942)
China
 The UN Charter was signed on 26 June 1945 by the representative of 50 Countries.

 Poland signed the Charter on 15 October 1945, thus becoming one of the original 51
members

 Charter came into force/ The UN officialy came into the existence on 24 October
1945 (24th Oct. – UN Day) after ratification by the five permanent members of the
Securtiy council (UK, France, Russia, US, China) and a majority of the other countries

 The forerunner of UN was the League of Nations (राष्ट्रीय संघ)

 Main Organs of the United Nations
The General Assembly
• It is the main meeting body of the UN.
• All 193 member countries are included.
• Every country has one equal vote.
• Discusses world issues like peace, budget, and new
members.
• Meets once a year in New York.
• Passes resolutions, but they are not legally binding.
 Main Organs of the United Nations
The Security Council
•Responsible for maintaining international peace and security.
•Has 15 members: 5 permanent and 10 elected for 2 years.
•Permanent members: USA, UK, Russia, France, China.
•Permanent members have veto power.
•Can authorize military action or sanctions.
•Its decisions are legally binding.
 Main Organs of the United Nations
The International Court of Justice
•It(ICJ)
is the UN’s main judicial body.
•Located in The Hague, Netherlands.
•Settles legal disputes between countries.
•Gives legal advice to UN bodies.
•Has 15 judges elected for 9 years.
•Only countries, not individuals, can bring cases
 Main Organs of the United Nations
The Secretariat
• Handles the daily work of the UN.
• Led by the Secretary-General.
• Supports other UN organs and agencies.
• Prepares reports and meetings.
• Promotes peace, development, and human rights.
• Staff comes from different countries.
 Main Organs of the United Nations
The Economic and Social Council
•(ECOSOC)
Coordinates economic and social work.
•Has 54 member countries elected for 3 years.
•Works with NGOs and UN agencies.
•Focuses on health, education, and development.
•Organizes global conferences and forums.
•Promotes sustainable development and cooperation.
 Main Organs of the United Nations
The Trusteeship Council
• Was created to help colonies become independent.
• Managed trust territories after World War II.
• Helped them form self-governments.
• Became inactive in 1994 after the last territory became
independent.
• Can meet again if needed.
• Now serves as a symbolic organ.
Secretaries General of the United Nations
1. António Guterres, Portugal, 2017-Present
2. Ban Ki-moon, Korea, 2007-2016
3. Kofi Annan, Ghana, 1997-2006
4. Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Egypt, 1992-1996
5. Javier Perez de Cuellar, Peru, 1982-1991
6. Kurt Waldheim, Austria, 1972-1981
7. U Thant, Myanmar, 1961-1971
8. Dag Hammarskjöld, Sweden, 1953-1961

9. Trygve Halvdan Lie, Norway, 1946-1952

 UNITED NATION AND
INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS
AND THEIR HEADQUATERS
S.NO ORGANIZATIONS HEADQUATERS ESTABLISHMENT
YEAR
1 WORLD TRADE ORGANISATIONS (WTO) GENEVA 1995

2 UNESCO PARIS (FRANCE) 1946

3 WORLD METEOROLOGICAL GENEVA 1951

ORGANIZATION (WMO)

4 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ROME (ITALY) 1945

ORGANIZATION (FAO)
5 WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION (WHO) GENEVA 1948
S.NO ORGANIZATIONS HEADQUATERS ESTABLISHMENT
YEAR
6 WORLD TOURISM DAY MADRID (SPAIN) 1925

7 WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY GENEVA 1967

ORGANIZATION (WIPO)
8 WORLD BANK WASHINGTON D.C 1944

9 INTERNATIONAL LABOUR GENEVA 1919

ORGANIZATION (ILO)
10 INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY VIENNA, AUSTRIA 1957
AGENCY (IAEA)
11 UNIVERSAL POSTAL UNION (UPU) BERNE, 1974
SWITZERLAND
12 INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND WASHINGTON DC 1945

13 UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL VIENNA, AUSTRIA 1966

DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
(UNIDO)
S.NO ORGANIZATIONS HEADQUATERS ESTABLISHMENT
YEAR
14 COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR-TEST-BAN VIENNA, AUSTRIA 1966
TREATY ORGANIZATION (CTBTO)
15 INTERNATIONAL GENEVA 1865
TELECOMMUNICATION UNION (ITU)
16 ORGANISATION FOR THE PROHIBITION HAGUE, 1997
OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS (OPCW) NETHERLANDS
17 UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER GENEVA 1951
FOR REFUGEES (UNHCR)
18 INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION MONTREAL, CANADA 1944
ORGANIZATION (ICAO)
19 INTERNATIONAL FUND FOR ROME, ITALY 1977
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT (IFAD)
20 INTERNATIONAL SOLAR ALLIANCE GURUGRAM, 2015
(ISA) HARYANA, INDIA
 WHO – World Health
Organization
The WHO works to improve global public health, fight
diseases, and set international health standards. It supports
countries in building strong health systems and responding to
emergencies.

Established in 1948
Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland.
 UNESCO – United Nations
Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization
UNESCO promotes global peace through education,
culture, science, and communication.

It also protects world heritage sites and fosters cultural

diversity.

Established in 1945 | Headquarters: Paris, France.

 FAO – Food and Agriculture
Organization

FAO works to eliminate hunger and improve

nutrition and food security. It helps countries
develop agriculture, forestry, and fisheries
sustainably.

Established in 1945 | Headquarters: Rome,

 ILO – International Labour
Organization

ILO promotes decent work conditions, sets global labor

standards, and protects workers’ rights.

It also works to end child labor and forced labor.

Established in 1919 | Headquarters: Geneva,

Switzerland.
 IMF – International Monetary
Fund

The IMF ensures global financial stability and

helps countries in economic crises by
providing policy advice and financial support.
It promotes growth and job creation.
.

Established in 1944 | Headquarters:

Washington, D.C., USA.
 World Bank Group

The World Bank provides loans and grants to developing countries

to reduce poverty and support infrastructure, health, and
education projects.

It promotes inclusive economic development.

Established in 1944 | Headquarters: Washington, D.C., USA.

 ICAO – International Civil Aviation
Organization

ICAO sets standards for global air navigation and

aviation safety. It promotes efficient and secure
international air transport.

Established in 1944 | Headquarters: Montreal,

Canada.
ITU – International Telecommunication
Union

ITU coordinates global use of radio frequencies

and telecom services. It supports internet
connectivity and communication technologies in
all countries.

Established in 1865 | Headquarters: Geneva,

 WMO – World Meteorological
Organization

WMO leads global efforts on weather, climate,

and water monitoring. It supports disaster risk
reduction and early warning systems.

Established in 1950 | Headquarters: Geneva,

 UPU – Universal Postal Union

UPU regulates international postal services and

promotes efficient mail delivery systems between
countries. It helps improve postal cooperation
globally.

Established in 1874 | Headquarters: Bern,

Switzerland.
 WIPO – World Intellectual Property
Organization

WIPO protects intellectual property rights like

patents, trademarks, and copyrights worldwide. It
helps innovators and creators benefit from their
work.
 IFAD – International Fund for
Agricultural Development

IFAD finances rural development projects and

supports small farmers in poor regions. It aims to
reduce rural poverty and hunger.

Established in 1977 | Headquarters: Rome, Italy.

 UNIDO – United Nations Industrial
Development Organization

UNIDO promotes inclusive and sustainable

industrial growth. It helps developing
countries create jobs and adopt eco-friendly
technologies.

Established in 1966 | Headquarters:

 IMO – International Maritime
Organization

IMO ensures safe, secure, and

environmentally sound international shipping.
It sets global maritime rules and pollution
controls.

Established in 1948 | Headquarters:

 World Tourism Day
World Tourism Day is celebrated every year to raise awareness about
the importance of tourism and its social, cultural, political, and
economic value.

It promotes sustainable and inclusive tourism for development and

cultural exchange.

It is observed on 27 September every year.

This day was first celebrated in 1980, and the date marks the
anniversary of the UNWTO Statutes.

It is coordinated by the United Nations World Tourism

 WTO – World Trade Organization
WTO regulates international trade to ensure smooth, fair, and
free trade among nations.

It provides a platform for settling trade disputes and

negotiations between member countries.

It was established in 1995, replacing GATT (General

Agreement on Tariffs and Trade).

It currently has 164 member states involved in global

trade.
 IAEA – International Atomic Energy
Agency
IAEA works to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and
prevent the use of nuclear technology for weapons.

It inspects nuclear facilities and helps ensure nuclear safety,

security, and compliance.

It was established in 1957, following concerns about nuclear

weapon risks.

The IAEA plays a vital role in nuclear medicine, power, and global
safety.
CTBTO – Comprehensive Nuclear-
Test-Ban Treaty Organization
CTBTO aims to ban all nuclear explosions on Earth for
both military and civilian purposes.

It operates a worldwide monitoring system to detect any

nuclear test activities.
The organization was formed under the Comprehensive
Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) in 1996.

Though the treaty is not fully in force, CTBTO is actively

working.
 OPCW – Organisation for the Prohibition of
Chemical Weapons

OPCW ensures that chemical weapons are not produced

or used and helps in their destruction.

It monitors compliance with the Chemical Weapons

Convention and promotes peaceful use of chemistry.

It was established in 1997 to oversee chemical

disarmament globally.

The organization was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize

in 2013.
 UNHCR – United Nations High
Commissioner for Refugees

UNHCR protects and supports refugees and displaced persons

around the world.

It provides emergency assistance, shelter, and long-term

solutions for people
fleeing conflict or persecution.

It was established in 1950, in the aftermath of World War II.

UNHCR has helped millions rebuild their lives with dignity and