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Learning Guide Connecting Hardware Peripherals

The document outlines the curriculum for a Level I course on connecting hardware peripherals at Jinka Poly Technic College's Department of Information Technology. It covers learning outcomes, the importance of computers, types of computers, internal and external hardware components, and their functions. Additionally, it discusses various types of monitors and input devices such as keyboards and mice.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
13 views71 pages

Learning Guide Connecting Hardware Peripherals

The document outlines the curriculum for a Level I course on connecting hardware peripherals at Jinka Poly Technic College's Department of Information Technology. It covers learning outcomes, the importance of computers, types of computers, internal and external hardware components, and their functions. Additionally, it discusses various types of monitors and input devices such as keyboards and mice.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Jinka Poly Technic College

Department of Information Technology


HARDWARE AND NETWORKING SERVICES
LEVEL I(1)

EIS HNS 1 02 1221: Connect Hardware Peripherals

2015 E.C

06/19/2025 HNS Level-1: Connect Hardware Peripherals 1


Learning Outcomes:

LO1: Confirm Requirements of the client


LO2: Obtain required peripherals
LO3: Connect hardware peripherals
LO4: Connect workstation to the internet

06/19/2025 HNS Level-1: Connect Hardware Peripherals 2


LO1: Confirm Requirements of the client
Introduction to computer
 We are living in the computer age today and most of our day to day
activities cannot be accomplished without using computers.
 Sometimes knowingly and sometimes unknowingly we use
computers.
 Computer has become an indispensable and multipurpose tool.
 We are breathing in the computer age and gradually computer has
become such a desire necessity of life that it is difficult to imagine
life without it.
 For most of the people, computer is a machine used for a calculation
or a computation, but actually it is much more than that.

06/19/2025 HNS Level-1: Connect Hardware Peripherals 3


Introduction to computer
 Computer is an electronic device for performing arithmetic and logical
operation.
 Computer is a device or a flexible machine to process data and
converts it into information.
 Computer is an electronic device for storing and processing data,
typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a
variable program.
 A computer is any machine that can be programmed to carry out a set
of algorithms and arithmetic instructions.
 It processes the input according to the set of instructions provided to it
by the user and gives the desired output.
 To know about the complete process that how computer works, we will
have to come across the various terms such as Data, Processing and
Information.
 First of all we will have to understand these terms in true sense
06/19/2025 HNS Level-1: Connect Hardware Peripherals 4
Continued…
 Data: is nothing but a mare collection of basic facts and figure without any
sequence.
 When the data is collected as facts and figure, it has no meaning at that time,
for example, name of student, names of employees etc.
 Processing: is the set of instruction given by the user or the related data to
output the meaningful information; Which can be used by the user.
 The work of processing may be the calculation, comparisons or the decision
taken by the computer.
 Information: is the end point or the final output of any processed work.
 When the output data is meaningful it is called information.
 A computer appears to be far more intelligent and informed than human
beings but in fact it cannot perform any task on its own.
 We need to give the computer instructions on exactly what it has to do.
 If an unanticipated situation arises, computers will either produce wrong
results or abandon the task altogether.
 They do not have the potential to work out alternative solutions.
06/19/2025 HNS Level-1: Connect Hardware Peripherals 5
Continued…
 Storage: Computer comes with high storage facility to storage to
store almost any amount of data in it.
 Not only that, most computer comes with expandable storage
facility along with external storage.
 Computer is so fast that it also takes unnoticeable time to find the
data user need from this huge storage
 Memory: While computer has storage to store user’s data (mostly),
it also comes with memory (both volatile and non-volatile) which is
used by the computer itself to work fast.
 Memory devices are expensive than storage, thus though a computer, these days,
can work with nearly 256 GB of memories, most computers come with 8 GB to
16 GB of RAM (volatile memory) or Primary Memory.
 Computer also includes ROM (non-volatile), and Cache memories of different
levels and register memories. Among these, mostly the RAM is expandable.

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Types of Computers
 Computers are of various types and they can be categorized in two
ways on the basis of size and on the basis of data handling
capabilities.
Based on size, cost and performance computers are classified
into four categories:-
 Supercomputer
 Mainframe computer
 Minicomputer
 Micro Computer

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Super computers
 Super computers are the largest and fastest computers.
 They are also the costliest computers.
 They are used in fields like science and defense.
 These computers are used for designing and launching missiles, weather
forecasting, biomedical research, aircraft design and automobile design.
 There are only a few super computers throughout the world.
 Some examples are IBM Blue Gene/L, IBM Roadrunner and Cray Jaguar

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Mainframe Computers
 Mainframe computers are more powerful than minicomputers.
 They have high processing speeds and can store large amounts of data.
 They are used in wide area networks and support hundreds of users.
 However, these computers consume more electricity.
 Some examples are IBM 3000 series and Univac 1180.

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Minicomputers
 Minicomputers are small general-purpose computers, also called midrange
servers.
 These computers can perform more complex tasks and cost more than
microcomputers.
 They are larger in size and they have small to medium storage capacity.
 They are used for processing data and analyzing results of experiments.
 They are also used for controlling and monitoring production processes.
 Some examples are PDP 11/42 and VAX 11.

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Microcomputers
 Microcomputers are also called Personal Computers (PCs).
 These computers use microprocessors.
 They are small in size.
 Also, they do not have large storage capacities.
 They can perform difficult tasks.
 They are used mainly for desktop publishing, accounting,
statistical analysis, graphics designing and project management.
 Some examples are Apple II, IBM PC, PS/2 and Macintosh

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• Generation of Computer Main Electronic
Component
• 1st Generation Vacuum tube
• 2nd Generation Transistor
• 3rd Generation Integrated circuits (ICs)
• 4th Generation
• Very large-scale integration (VLSI)

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Based on data handling capabilities
1. Analogue Computer
 Analogue computer is any of a class of devices in which
continuously variable physical quantities.
 Such as electrical potential, fluid pressure, or mechanical
motion, are represented in a way analogous to the
corresponding quantities in the problem to be solved.
 The analog system is set up according to initial conditions
and then allowed to change freely.
 Answers to the problem are obtained by measuring the
variables in the analog model.

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2. Digital Computer:
 Digital computer, any of a class of devices capable of solving problems by
processing information in discrete form.
 It operates on data, including magnitudes, letters, and symbols, that are expressed
in binary code. It operates using only the two digits 0 and 1.
 By counting, comparing, and manipulating these digits or their combinations
according to a set of instructions held in its memory,
 A digital computer can perform such tasks as to control industrial processes and
regulate the operations of machines.
 Analyze and organize vast amounts of business data; and simulate the behavior
of dynamic systems Example global weather patterns and chemical reactions) in
scientific research.
3. Hybrid Computer: Hybrid computers are computers that exhibit features of
analog computers and digital computers.
 The digital component normally serves as the controller and provides logical and
numerical operations,
 While the analog component often serves as a solver of differential equations and
other mathematically complex problems.
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Identifying and categorizing internal and external hardware components

 Every computer is composed of two basic components: hardware and software.


 Hardware is the physical components of the computer that can be seen
and touched.
 The term hardware is used to refer to all the components inside or outside
the computer.
 In addition to this, components used to interconnect two or more
components, for example, wires are also regarded as hardware.
 We have several hardware devices that are used at various phases of data
processing cycle.
 The hardware those are used to supply input to computer are called input
devices.
 The hardware those are used to process the data, are called as processing
devices
 The devices that are used to present output of computer are called output
devices.
06/19/2025 HNS Level-1: Connect Hardware Peripherals 15
Continued…
Each of these categories has a broad variety of devices of various brands and
qualities.
 Internal hardware is the hardware inside the computer or is a device that is
installed within the computer.
 When referring to a drive, an internal drive is any drive inside the computer.
 The internal hardware components are: CPU, Motherboard, DVD Drive, Hard
Drive, Sound Card, RAM, VGA Card, Fan, Power Supply and etc.
1. Motherboard
 The motherboard is generally a thin circuit
board that holds together almost all parts
of a computer except input and output
devices.
 All crucial hardware like CPU, memory,
hard drive, and ports for input and output
devices are located on the motherboard.
 It is the biggest circuit board in a computer
chassis.

06/19/2025 HNS Level-1: Connect Hardware Peripherals 16


Components of a Motherboard:
‾ CPU Slot: It is provided to install the CPU. It is a link between a
microprocessor and a motherboard.
‾ It facilitates the use of CPU and prevents the damage when it is installed
or removed. Furthermore, it is provided with a lock to prevent CPU
movement and a heat sink to dissipate the extra heat.
‾ RAM Slot: It is a memory slot or socket provided in the motherboard to
insert or install the RAM (Random Access Memory).
‾ There can be two or more memory slots in a computer.
‾ Expansion Slot: It is also called the bus slot or expansion port.
‾ It is a connection or port on the motherboard, which provides an
installation point to connect a hardware expansion card.
‾ For example, you can purchase a video expansion card and install it into
the expansion slot and then can install a new video card in the computer.
‾ Some of the common expansion slots in a computer are AGP, AMR,
CNR, PCI, etc.

06/19/2025 HNS Level-1: Connect Hardware Peripherals 17


Components of a Motherboard:
‾ Capacitor: It is made of two conductive plates, and a thin insulator sandwiched
between them. These parts are wrapped in a plastic container.
‾ Northbridge: It is an integrated circuit that allows communications between the
CPU interface, AGP, and memory.
‾ Furthermore, it also allows the Southbridge chip to communicate with the RAM,
CPU, and graphics controller.
‾ USB Port: It allows you to connect hardware devices like mouse, keyboard to
your computer.
‾ AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) port is used to connect to graphic card that
provides high-speed video performance typically required in games and other
multimedia applications.
‾ Heat Sink: It absorbs and disperses the heat generated in the computer
processor.
‾ Power Connector: It is designed to supply power to the motherboard.
‾ CMOS battery: It stands for complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor.
‾ It is a memory that stores the BIOS settings such as time, date, and hardware
settings
06/19/2025 HNS Level-1: Connect Hardware Peripherals 18
Internal hardware
2. Central Processing unit (CPU)-The components that performs
all calculations and mathematical manipulations in a computer.
3. Read Only Memory (ROM)-The memory that computers used to
store data and instructions needed by the CPU for computer
operation.
4. Disk Drive-Allows a computer to play CD’s or DVD’s.
5. Fan- is a device that helps your computer cool down a lot easier
by blowing around the air in your laptop.
6. Hard Drive-The primary method of storage in all desktop
computer systems

06/19/2025 HNS Level-1: Connect Hardware Peripherals 19


External hardware
 External hardware is device that is outside of the box of the
computer. From flash drives to nuclear reactors. If it`s outside of
the box – it is considered external. For example, a printer is an
external device because it is connected to the back of the
computer and is outside of the case.
1. Monitor
A monitor is the display unit of a computer on which the processed data, such
as text, images, etc., is displayed.
It comprises a screen circuit and the case which encloses this circuit.
The monitor is also known as a visual display unit (VDU).

06/19/2025 HNS Level-1: Connect Hardware Peripherals 20


Types of Monitors
 CRT Monitor: It has cathode ray tubes which produce images in the
form of video signals.
 Its main components are electron gun assembly, deflection plate
assembly, glass envelope, fluorescent screen, and base.
 LCD Monitor: It is a flat panel screen.
 It uses liquid crystal display technology to produce images on the screen.
 Advanced LEDs have thin-film transistors with capacitors and use active-
matrix technology, which allows pixels to retain their charge.
 LED Monitor: It is an advanced version of an LCD monitor.
 Unlike an LCD monitor, which uses cold cathode fluorescent light to
backlight the display, it has LED panels, each of which has lots of LEDs
to display the backlight.
 Plasma Monitor: It uses plasma display technology that allows it to
produce high resolutions of up to 1920 X 1080, wide viewing angle, a
high refresh rate, outstanding contrast ration, and more.

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External hardware
2. Keyboard
 It is the most important input device of a computer.
 It is designed to allow you input text, characters, and other
commands into a computer, desktop, tablet, etc.
 It comes with different sets of keys to enter numbers, characters,
and perform various other functions like copy, paste, delete, enter,
etc.
Types of Keyboards:
 QWERTY Keyboards
 AZERTY Keyboards
 DVORAK Keyboards

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External hardware
3. Mouse
 It is small handheld device designed to control or move the pointer (computer
screen's cursor) in a GUI (graphical user interface).
 It allows you to point to or select objects on a computer's display screen.
 It is generally placed on a flat surface as we need to move it smoothly to control
the pointer.
 Types of Mouse: Trackball mouse, Mechanical Mouse, Optical Mouse, Wireless
Mouse, etc.
Parts of a mouse:
Two buttons: A mouse is provided with two buttons for right
click and left click.
Scroll Wheel: A wheel located between the right and left buttons,
which is used to scroll up and down and Zoom in and Zoom out in
some applications like AutoCAD.
Battery: A battery is required in a wireless mouse.
Motion Detection Assembly: A mouse can have a trackball or an
optical sensor to provide signals to the computer about the motion
and location of the mouse

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External hardware
Main functions of a mouse:
 Move the cursor: It is the main function of the mouse; to move the
cursor on the screen.
 Open or execute a program: It allows you to open a folder or
document and execute a program. You are required to take the
cursor on the folder and double click it to open it.
 Select: It allows you to select text, file, or any other object.
 Hovering: Hovering is an act of moving the mouse cursor over a
clickable object. During hovering over an object, it displays
information about the object without pressing any button of the
mouse.
 Scroll: It allows you to scroll up or down while viewing a long
webpage or document.

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External hardware
4. Microphone
 Microphones are audio input devices.
 The microphone feeds a sound signal to the computer, where
it can be recorded, or streamed across the internet.
 Microphones are often built into laptops, webcams and
mobile phones nowadays.

5. Webcam
 These input devices are video cameras that connect to a
computer.
 They can be external or built-in. Webcams are most often
used to enable people to see each other when
communicating over the internet, or for recording video
blogs, or making other videos.

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External hardware
6. Power Supply
 The charger for the laptop that allows the user to charge
their computer.
 This puts more battery power into the computer so that it
can last longer.
7. Speakers: A computer speaker typically comes in pairs to
provide stereo sound and sometimes with a subwoofer unit too in
order to enhance bass frequency.
 Computer speakers usually have built-in amplifiers and
therefore require a power supply, either from the mains,
batteries, or via a USB port.
8. Scanner : Scanner is a device that can scan or digitize
images on paper and convert them to data that the computer
can use.
 They can then be stored in a file, displayed on the screen,
added to documents, or manipulated

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External hardware

9. Projectors: Projectors are optical output devices that


enable a roomful of people to see visuals generated by a single
computer.
 As their name suggests projectors "project" still or moving
images onto a screen, blank wall, or other surface.
 They are typically used for presentations, watching movies,
or as a teaching aid, and usually connect to the computer
via the HDMI port.
10. Printers: Printers are used to generate hard copies of
electronic data stored on a computer, most often text or
images onto paper. The first electronic printer to be invented
was the EP-101, released by the Japanese company Epson in
1968.
 With modern printers connecting to the computer via the
USB port or WI-FI.

06/19/2025 HNS Level-1: Connect Hardware Peripherals 27


External hardware
11. Headphones
Headphones are a pair of small loudspeakers,
or less commonly a single speaker, held close
to a user's ears and connected to a signal source
such as an audio amplifier, radio, CD player or
portable media player.
They are also known as stereo
phones, headsets or, colloquially cans.
The in-ear versions are known as ear phones
or ear buds. In the context of
telecommunication, the term headset is used to
describe a combination of headphone and
microphone used for two-way communication,
for example with a telephone.
06/19/2025 HNS Level-1: Connect Hardware Peripherals 28
That are externally connected to the computer

• An External Device is a device that can be connected


to a computer to either input or output data. These
devices include Mouse, Keyboards, Printers,
Scanners, Speakers, and other computer
accessories.
• The most common peripherals are a tape device,
microphone, and external modem

06/19/2025 HNS Level-1: Connect Hardware Peripherals 29


Connectivity devices

 The majority of external peripheral devices connect to the back of the


computer’s system unit with cables and connectors. The computer’s
system unit has a variety of ports available for use by different
peripheral device cables.
 A port is a socket that is used to connect the cables from peripheral
devices to the computer or the position to plug peripheral devices.
Ports
 A port is an interface on a computer through which the device is
communicate (send and receive data). Personal computers have
various types of ports. Personal computers have ports for connecting
Monitor/display, printer, mouse, keyboard, scanner, Removable disks
and other peripheral devices. The types of ports are:-

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Ports

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Serial ports
• Serial ports: is the oldest technology that is used
to connect some types of mouse, keyboard, and
other peripherals. As the name indicates, this port
sends data serially that is one bit at a time. A serial
port is also called male port since it consists of
protruding pins. Its transfer rate is close to 10KBS
data.

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Parallel Ports
• Parallel Ports: are used primarily for connecting
printers to your system. Because of this it is called
LPT (line print) port. It is also called female port
since it consists of holes. Parallel ports generate
speeds of 100KBS and reflect transfers 10 times
faster than serial speeds.

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USB (Universal Serial Bus)
• USB is a high performance-networking standard
based on serial bus architecture. Most new
computers and associated peripheral devices like
printers and scanners support USB. USB ports are
used to connect just about any type of peripheral
devices speed enhancements have greatly
improved performance with USB 1.0 generating
speeds at 14 MB/S and USB 2.0 attaining speeds of
480MB/S

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VGA/ Video Graphics Array

• A Video Graphics Array (VGA) connector is a three-row


15-pin DE-15 connector. The 15-pin VGA connector is
found on many video cards, computer monitors, and
some television sets. On laptop computers or other
small devices, a mini-VGA port is sometimes used in
place of the full-sized VGA connector.

HNS Level-1: Connect Hardware Peripherals


06/19/2025 35
NIC Port / Network Interface Card

 Alternatively referred to as an Ethernet port,


the LAN port is a port connection that allows a
computer to connect to a network using a wired
connection. In the picture to the right, is a close
up example of what a LAN port looks like for a
network cable using an RJ-45 connector. In the
case of this example, the two led lights will blink
when that port is active and receiving activity.

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Parts of computer

06/19/2025 HNS Level-1: Connect Hardware Peripherals 37


There are numerous other device on the market

06/19/2025 HNS Level-1: Connect Hardware Peripherals 38


Identifying and categorizing computer software
 Software is a set of programs that enables the hardware to perform a specific
task. All the programs that run the computer are software.
 It includes the features that responsible for directing the work to the hardware.
The software can be of three types:
1. System software
2. Application software, and
3. Programming software
1. System Software
 The system software is the main software that runs the computer and provides a
platform for other software.
 When you turn on the computer, it activates the hardware and controls and
coordinates their functioning.
 The application programs are also controlled by system software. An operating
system is an example of system software.

06/19/2025 HNS Level-1: Connect Hardware Peripherals 39


Identifying and categorizing computer software
Operating System:
 An operating system is the system software that works as an
interface to enable the user to communicate with the computer.
 It manages and coordinates the functioning of hardware and d
software resources and provides common services for computer
programs.
 All application software computer programs require an operating
system to function.
 Operating system controls computer's hardware, run the computer's
programs and organizes files.
 The commonly used operating systems are Microsoft Windows,
Linux, and Apple Mac OS X.

06/19/2025 HNS Level-1: Connect Hardware Peripherals 40


Continued…
 Some other examples of system software include:
 BIOS: It stands for basic input output system. It is a type of system software,
which is stored in Read Only Memory (ROM) located on the motherboard.
 However, in advanced computer systems, it is stored in flash memory.
 BIOS is the first software that gets activated when you turn on your computer
system.
 It loads the drivers of the hard disk into memory as well as assists the operating
system to load itself into the memory.
 A device driver: This system software controls hardware devices connected to a
computer.
 It enables the computer to use the hardware by providing an appropriate
interface.
 The kernel of a Computer's CPU communicates with different hardware through
this software.
 Operating systems generally come with most of the device drivers.
 If the operating system does not have a device driver for hardware, you have to
install the device driver before using that hardware device.
06/19/2025 HNS Level-1: Connect Hardware Peripherals 41
Continued…
 Boot Program: Boot refers to starting up a computer.
 When you switch on the computer, the commands in the ROM are executed
automatically to load the boot program into memory and execute its instructions.
 The BIOS program has a basic set of commands that enables the computer to
perform the basic input/output instructions to start the computer.
 An assembler: It plays the role of a converter as it receives basic computer
instructions and converts them into a pattern of bits. The processor uses these
bits to perform basic operations.
2. Application Software:
 Application software is a set of programs designed to perform a specific task.
 It does not control the working of a computer as it is designed for end-users.
 A computer can run without application software.
 Application software can be easily installed or uninstalled as required.
 It can be a single program or a collection of small programs.
 Microsoft Office Suite, Adobe Photoshop, and any other software like payroll
software or income tax software are application software.
 As we know, they are designed to perform specific tasks.
06/19/2025 HNS Level-1: Connect Hardware Peripherals 42
Continued…
 Accordingly, they can be of different types such as:
 Word Processing Software: This software allows users to create, edit, format,
and manipulate the text and more.
 It offers lots of options for writing documents, creating images, and more. For
example, MS Word, WordPad, Notepad, etc.
 Spreadsheet Software: It is designed to perform calculations, store data, create
charts, etc.
 It has rows and columns, and the data is entered in the cell, which is an
intersection of a row and column, e.g., Microsoft Excel.
 Multimedia Software: This software is developed to perform editing of video,
audio, and text.
 It allows you to combine texts, videos, audio, and images.
 Thus, you can improve a text document by adding photos, animations, graphics,
and charts through multimedia software.
 For example, VLC player, Window Media Player, VidMate KMPlayer etc.

06/19/2025 HNS Level-1: Connect Hardware Peripherals 43


Continued…
3. Programming Software:
 It is a set or collection of tools that help developers in writing other software or
programs.
 It assists them in creating, debugging, and maintaining software or programs or
applications.
 We can say that these are facilitator software that helps translate programming
language such as Java, C++, Python, etc., into machine language code.
 So, it is not used by end-users.
 For example, compilers, linkers, debuggers, interpreters, text editors, etc.
 This software is also called a programming tool or software development tool.
Some examples of programming software include:
 Eclipse/NetBeans: It is a java language editor.
 Coda: It is a programming language editor for Mac.
 Notepad++: It is an open-source editor for windows.
 Sublime text: It is a cross-platform code editor for Linux, Mac, and Windows.

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Documenting and reporting client requirements

 If the peripheral is an essential part of the computer system (for example mouse, keyboard or monitor) it
is logical to record information about the device within the documentation for the computer to which it
is connected.
Table1. 2 Details of computer specification for Inventories

Manufacturer: Dell

Model: OptiPlex GX280MT Minitower—Power

Operating System: Windows 10

Serial number: 12345

RAM: 4GB

Hard disk space: 500 Gb

Monitor: Dell OptiPlex 7010

Printer: HP LaserJet d402

Keyboard: Dell USB keyboard

Pointing device: Dell USB 2-button optical mouse with scroll

06/19/2025 HNS Level-1: Connect Hardware Peripherals 45


Individually documenting each peripheral device

• If the device is shared between several computers, it makes more sense to


keep information about the peripheral as an individual entry in an inventory.
Devices such as digital cameras, data projectors and USB drives would
more likely to be used by many computers, thus it would make more sense
to record their details separate to the computer details for recording
hardware inventory information.

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LO2: Obtain required peripherals
 A Peripheral Device is a computer device or part which is connected to the
computer with different connection types.
 A peripheral device is not a core device for a computer which means a computer
can work without a peripheral device connected to it.
 Peripheral devices generally provide extra function and data input and output
functionality to the computer systems.
 Some computer parts that are core and critical for a computer system which are
not peripheral device and all other devices are categorized as peripheral devices.
 CPU is not a peripheral device because a computer system cannot work without
a CPU.
 Mainboard is not a peripheral device because the other core computer parts are
connected and communicate over a mainboard.
 Memory is not a peripheral device because the data processed is stored inside
memory and without a memory CPU and computer cannot work.
 Storage or Hard Disk Drive is not a peripheral device because the processes
data is stored inside the storage or hard disk drive for long term usage.

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Peripheral Device Types (Input, Output, and Composite)
 Data (unprocessed information) must get into the computer, and the processed
information must get out.
 Entering and displaying information is carried out on a wide variety of accessory
devices called peripherals, also known as input/output (I/O) devices
 Peripheral devices can be also categorized according to their data communication
direction.
 They are called Input, Output and Composite.
 Input Peripheral Device is a device was used to input data into the computer
system. Their main purpose is to get different types of input, digitalize it and
forward it to the mainboard for processing.
 Keyboard
 Computer Mouse  Microphone
 Webcam
 Graphic Tablet
 Joystick
 Touchscreen  Fingerprint scanner
 Image Scanner  SD / Micros SD Card Reader
 Barcode Reader  Digital Camera

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Continued…
 Output Peripheral Devices mainly used to show and output information in
different formats like Image, Video, Sound to the system user.
 Monitor / Computer Display
 Printer
 Projector
 Speaker
 Composite Peripheral Devices can both input and output data.
 These types of devices generally used to transmit data and act as intermediate
hop.
 Floppy Disk Drive
 CD-ROM Drive / DVD Drive
 Flash Drive
 Network Interface Card
 Modem

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Entering peripherals into equipment inventory
 The first step in obtaining a peripheral device is to locate suppliers
of that device.
 Then, there are factors you need to consider about the supplier and
the devices on offer, such as support provided and purchase price.
 This will help you to compare and choose the most appropriate
supplier and the exact model of the device according to client
requirements.
 Finally, you are ready to place an order for your organization or
client to purchase the device.

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Locating a supplier
 There are many ways to find a supplier of peripheral equipment. Some ways
include:
 Searching the Internet
 The Internet provides different methods for searching for suppliers.
 Using search engines such as Google or Yahoo can help you find a hardware
supplier anywhere in the world.
 Suppliers will often have their own websites that can provide you with
catalogues of available equipment.
 Other ways to investigate suppliers are to follow links from a website such as a
manufacturer’s website, or to browse website directories that may be linked to
search engine home pages.
 PC magazines and Newspapers
 Computing magazines often contain a large section devoted to advertising
current hardware suppliers.
 Major newspapers have computer/IT sections or classified advertisements which
can be a source for finding suppliers.

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Continued…
 Brochures/advertising material
 Many larger hardware suppliers use television, radio or leaflet
deliveries to inform potential customers of their latest hardware.
 Telephone directory
 A telephone directory is useful if you need to find a hardware
supplier located within your local area.
 Contacting the manufacturer directly
 Manufacturers generally have their own websites.
 These may list major suppliers in your area.
 Emailing or telephoning the manufacturer may also be a way to
find out names of local suppliers.

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Choosing a supplier
 With so many choices of suppliers available, how do you find the right one?
There are a few factors to consider:
 How long has the supplier been operating?
 It is a good idea to find a supplier who will still be around for the lifetime of the
hardware.
 Does the supplier offer suitable support and training?
 If the client will be requiring a lot of additional assistance, training could be a
major contributing factor for choosing a particular supplier.
 Does the supplier offer competitive pricing?
 Considering the support and stability, it is also important to weigh up these
factors in relation to price.
 Is the supplier a preferred supplier for your organisation?
 Some organisations have arrangements that equipment must be purchased from
suppliers who are considered to be the preferred provider for the organisation.
 Organisations create these agreements because customer loyalty offers
substantial discounts, extended warranties and additional support.

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Selecting a peripheral
 Once you have selected suitable suppliers you need to contact each
supplier.
 Information you should find out from the supplier includes:
 Model and manufacturer names of peripherals that will satisfy
the majority of your clients requirements (including system
specifications, physical dimensions, support)
 Price of each model
 Availability of each model.
 You may find it helpful to keep a record of any details that you
collect so you refer to this information quickly and easily.

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Continued…
Placing an order
 Depending on the type of organisation you work for, placing an order for a
hardware peripheral device could be done in a variety of ways.
 In a small organisation you may be responsible for ordering the device yourself.
 However, in a larger organisation there may be employees who are responsible
for purchasing new equipment.
 You may need to fill out an order form that can be given to the purchasing
department.
 Before an order is submitted, it could also be necessary to obtain final approval
from senior staff.
 Often an order form might require signatures from the manager or supervisor
before it can be processed.
 A purchasing department might require written quotes from three suppliers, a
recommendation and justification for the chosen supplier.
 Make sure that you find out from your supervisor or manager what procedures
you need to follow when placing an order within your organization

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LO3: Connect hardware peripherals
Considering environmental and OHS standard
 One of the most important considerations when installing a new hardware
peripheral is to try and install the device with the least amount of disruption to
the client.
 A client may not be very happy if you install a piece of hardware equipment
while they are creating an urgent report.
 It is important to schedule installation times that are:
 Also suitable to the client’s or computer user’s schedules
 Sufficient length to install and thoroughly test the hardware device.
 To achieve this, make sure that you are aware of:
 Common organizational procedures that regularly need to be performed on
the computer.
 For example, end of month processing or weekly backups
 Plan installations outside these periods
 Current projects, deadlines and schedules of the client/user.

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Continued…
 Installations should be scheduled for times such as:
 Quiet periods (for example, during holiday periods)
 Before or after normal office hours
 While the client/user is out of the office
 When the client will not need their computer.
 It can be difficult to work out how long it will take to install a
peripheral device.
 It will vary according to the type of device, current operating
system, problems requiring troubleshooting and the experience of
the installer.
 If you will be regularly performing installations, keeping a log of
installations-noting the time required and
 Problems experienced - could help to estimate the time spent on
future installations.
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Continued…
 Once you have arranged a suitable time, make sure you adhere to it
or give advanced notice if you will be delayed.
 Remember that clients may have scheduled their daily workload
around the installation.
 Also consider the timeframe expected by client when installing new
hardware.
 If you work for a busy organization it may be necessary to work out
a daily to-do list.
 Order tasks with priority given to installations that perform critical
functions or have been waiting to be done for the longest amount of
time.

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Removing and/or replacing old peripherals
 At a certain point, everyone needs to upgrade or replace their
computer components and software in order to boost the speed and
performance of the system.
 Whenever there is the slightest inconvenience in our computer
systems related to the hardware or software, we prefer to replace
and purchase a new one which is always not the best option.
 We always should consider the options like upgrading the software
to their latest versions available or replacing the components with
the best new ones available.
 It really gets annoying to work on a system which has faults or
cannot execute tasks smoothly.
 Every machine has a lifetime, and with passing time we need to
upgrade or change it.

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Removing and/or replacing old peripherals
 There is a continuous advancement in technology, which leads to new
upgrades with better functionality coming out every day in the market.
 So, rather than weeping inside, you should start considering going a level
up with the technology.
 Sometimes when people are looking to upgrade their computer system’s it
is always better to the first plan and then invests in what you exactly want
to be done to your computer system.
 So, before you start replacing or upgrading your computer components or
hardware, do these simple things to check whether this improves your
computer performance:
 First, uninstall all the unnecessary software that you think you won’t be
using and are just making your system slow.
 Scan the system for all the possible viruses, spyware, or any such
malware.
 Optimize your hard drive, especially in case of the windows computer
system.
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Connecting new peripherals
 You have a new computer and are ready to set it up.
 While this may seem like an overwhelming and difficult
task, it is really very simple.
 It does not matter what name brand of computer you
have, as most computers are set up in a very similar way.
 If you are setting up a newly purchased computer that is
still in the box, you will probably find a how-to guide in
the packaging that includes step-by-step details.
 However, even if it didn't include instructions, you can
still set up the computer in just a few easy steps.
 Operation Sheet #1

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LO4: Connect workstation to the internet
What is Internet?
 The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer
networks
 It uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks
and devices.
 It is a network of networks that consists of private, public, academic, business,
and government networks.
 It consists a local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless,
and optical networking technologies.
 The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as
the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web
(WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and file sharing.

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What is a network?
 In information technology, a network is defined as the connection of at least two
computer systems, either by a cable or a wireless connection.
 The simplest network is a combination of two computers connected by a cable.
 Based on the design architecture networks are categorized in to two(2)
1. Peer-to-peer network. There is no hierarchy in this network; both participants
have equal privileges.
 Each computer has access to the data of the other device and can share resources
such as disk space, applications or peripheral devices (printers, etc.).
2. Client-server networks: Today’s networks tend to be a bit more complex and
don’t just consist of two computers.
 Systems with more than ten participants usually use this network type.
 In these networks, a central computer (server) provides resources to the
other participants in the network (clients).
Based on the geographical coverage range networks are categorized in to three(3)
3. LAN
4. MAN
5. WAN
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Continued…
1. Local Area Network (LAN): Local area networks are among the most
widespread networks and are used in households or small and medium-sized
companies.
2. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): These types of networks cover cities or
single geographic regions.
3. Wide Area Network (WAN): The nationwide broadband or cellular network in
the US is an example of a Wide Area Network.
 The best known example of a global network is the Internet.

The main advantages of networks are:


Shared use of data
Shared use of resources
Central control of programs and data
Central storage and backup of data
Shared processing power and storage capacity
Easy management of authorizations and responsibilities

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How the Internet is used?
Some specific examples of how the Internet is used include:
 Social media and content sharing;
 E-mail and other forms of communication, such as video conferencing
 Education and self-improvement through access to online trainings
 Searching for jobs -- both the employer and applicant use the Internet to post
open positions, apply for jobs and recruit individuals found on social networking
sites.
 By 2020, approximately 4.5 billion people, or more than half of the world’s
population, were estimated to have access to the Internet.

Worldwide Internet users


Users 2005 2010 2017 2019
World population 6.5 billion 6.9 billion 7.4 billion 7.75 billion
Worldwide 16% 30% 48% 53.6%
In developing world 8% 21% 41.3% 47%
In developed world 51% 67% 81% 86.6%

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History of Internet
 The origins of the Internet date back to the development of packet switching and
research commissioned by the United States Department of Defense in the 1960s
to enable time-sharing of computers.
 The primary precursor network, the Advanced Research Projects Agency (
ARPANET, initially served as a backbone for interconnection of regional
academic and military networks in the 1970s.
 The funding of the National Science Foundation Network as a new backbone in
the 1980s
 Private funding for other commercial extensions, led to the development of new
networking technologies, and the merger of many networks.
 The linking of commercial networks and enterprises by the early 1990s marked
the beginning of the transition to the modern Internet
 Generated a sustained exponential growth as generations of institutional, personal
, and mobile computers were connected to the network.
 Although the Internet was widely used by academia in the 1980s,
commercialization incorporated its services and technologies into virtually every
aspect of modern life.

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History of Internet
 Today, the Internet is a public, cooperative and self-sustaining
facility accessible to hundreds of millions of people worldwide.
 It is used by many as the primary source of information
consumption, and fueled the creation and growth of its own social
ecosystem through social media and content sharing.
 Furthermore, e-commerce, or online shopping, has become one of
the largest uses of the Internet.
 In general, the Internet can be used to communicate across large or
small distances, share information from any place in the world and
access information or answers to almost any question in moments.

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Types of connection
 Understanding The Differences Between Internet Connections
 When determining which type of Internet speed and Internet connection type is
right for you or your family.
 It's important to understand the distinction between each connection.
 In today's age, there are numerous ways to connect laptops, desktops, mobile
phones, gaming consoles, e-readers and tablets to the Internet.
Some of the most widely used Internet connections are described below.
 Mobile
 Many cell phone and smartphone providers offer voice plans with Internet
access. Mobile Internet connections provide good speeds and allow you to access
the Internet.
 WiFi Hotspots
 Wifi Hotspots are sites that offer Internet access over a wireless local area
network (WLAN) by way of a router that then connects to an Internet service
provider. Hotspots utilize WiFi technology, which allows electronic devices to
connect to the Internet or exchange data wirelessly through radio waves.
Hotspots can be phone-based or free-standing, commercial or free to the public.
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Types of connection
 Dial-Up
 Dial-up connections require users to link their phone line to a computer in order
to access the Internet.
 This particular type of connection—also referred to as analog—does not permit
users to make or receive phone calls through their home phone service while
using the Internet.
 Now more outdated, a dial-up connection used to be among the most common
Internet connection type.
 Broadband
 This high-speed Internet connection is provided through either cable or
telephone companies.
 One of the fastest options available, broadband Internet uses multiple data
channels to send large quantities of information.
 The term broadband is shorthand for broad bandwidth. Broadband Internet
connections such as DSL and cable are considered high-bandwidth connections.
 Although many DSL connections can be considered broadband, not all
broadband connections are DSL.
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Types of connection
 DSL
 DSL, which stands for Digital Subscriber Line, uses existing 2-wire copper
telephone line connected to one's home so service is delivered at the same time
as landline telephone service.
 Customers can still place calls while surfing the Internet.
 Satellite
 In certain areas where broadband connection is not yet offered, a satellite
Internet option may be available.
 Similar to wireless access, satellite connection utilizes a modem.
 ISDN
 ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) allows users to send data, voice and
video content over digital telephone lines or standard telephone wires.
 The installation of an ISDN adapter is required at both ends of the transmission
—on the part of the user as well as the Internet access provider.

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QUIZ(15%)
1. Internet is used by many as the primary source of information. (True/False)
2. A network in one building is categorized under
A. LAN B. PAN C. MAN D. WAN
3. Which one is different from other
A. Keyboard B. Monitor C. Mouse D. Digital Camera
4. . provide extra function and data input and output
functionality to the computer systems.
5. . is the system software that works as an interface to
enable the user to communicate with the computer.
6. . is an electronic device for storing and processing
data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable
program.
7. Write the four types of computer.
8. What is Network?
9. What is Internet?
10. What is the advantage of Internet?

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