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Slide 1 Introduction To RC Bst152

The document provides an introduction to reinforced concrete design, outlining the objectives of structural design, the characteristics of reinforced concrete, and factors affecting failure in RC structures. It discusses the importance of material selection, design accuracy, and adherence to codes of practice, particularly Eurocode 2 in Malaysia. Additionally, it covers load types, failure modes in beam design, and the design of rectangular sections, emphasizing the significance of proper reinforcement.

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7 views33 pages

Slide 1 Introduction To RC Bst152

The document provides an introduction to reinforced concrete design, outlining the objectives of structural design, the characteristics of reinforced concrete, and factors affecting failure in RC structures. It discusses the importance of material selection, design accuracy, and adherence to codes of practice, particularly Eurocode 2 in Malaysia. Additionally, it covers load types, failure modes in beam design, and the design of rectangular sections, emphasizing the significance of proper reinforcement.

Uploaded by

sacubivirash
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TOPIC 1 :

INTRODUCTION TO
REINFORCED
CONCRETE DESIGN
DESIGN” DEFINITION

 A process of material selection


and determination of elements
sizes of the structure to be built.
 In consideration of the loadings

subjected to the structure.


OBJECTIVES OF STRUCTURAL DESIGN
OBJECTIVES OF STRUCTURAL DESIGN

To provide a structure which throughout its


intended life
span:
 Possess an acceptable margin of safetyagainst

collapse whilst in use;


 Serviceable and perform its intended

purposewhilst in use;
 Sufficiently strong (robust) to cater for subjected

loadings
 Economic to construct (construction cost)

 Economic to maintain (maintenance cost)


REINFORCED CONCRETE
(RC)
 A composite material that combines
concrete with steel reinforcements.
 The combination of these materials
provide a strong durable building
material that could cater for both
compressive and tensile stress.
FACTORS AFFECTING FAILURE IN RC
STRUCTURES
 Incorrect selection of materials
 Concrete mix should meet the environmental or soil condition
 If sulphates present in the soil, sulphates resistant portland cement
should be used

 Errors in design calculating and detailing


 An independent checking should be made of all design to ensure
the adequacy of structure to carry the design loads

 External physical and mechanical factors including


alterations made to the structure
 Abrasion ( mechanical wear)
 Overloading
 Structural alterations
 Settlement
 Poor construction methods and inadequate quality
control and supervision
 Incorrect placement of steel
 Inadequate cover to reinforcement
 Incorrect construction joints
 Grout leakage
 Poor compaction
 Segregation
 Poor curing
 High water content
 Chemical attack
 Chloride (e.g : in salt water) can cause corrosion in reinforcement
 Sulphates (in soil, groundwater, sea water, industrial waste & acid
rain) causes concrete to disintegrate and permits corrosion to
steel
ELEMENTS OF STRUCTURE
CHARACTERISTIC COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
OF CONCETE, fck

 Characteristic concrete strength is assessed by


measuring the crushing strength of cubes and
cylinders made from the mix.
 The samples are then cured and tested at 28 days
according to standard procedures.
 The strength of concrete is identified by its “class”:

Example :
Class 25/30
The characteristic cylinder crushing strength (fck) of
25 N/mm2 and cube strength of 30 N/mm2
Strength Classes of
Concrete
STEEL
 Types of steel:
 Hot rolled mild steel
 Hot rolled or cold worked high yield steel
MILD STEEL
BAR

HIGH YIELD STEEL


BAR
STEEL TENSILE STRENGTH,
fyk
 Types of steel
 Hot rolled high yield steel
 Cold worked high yield steel
 The specified characteristic strength of
steel, fyk is 500 N/mm2
 The bars are commonly identified by H
(for high yield steel
CROSS SECTION OF RC
BEAM

3.
6.

2.

4. 5.

1.
CROSS SECTION OF RC
BEAM
3.
Compressio
n
reinforceme 6. Concrete
nt cover

Height of beam,
h
4. Tension 5.
Reinforceme Link/Stirrup
nt

Breath of beam,
b
CODE OF PRACTICE
 A document about the best practice by
engineers and also experienced researchers.
 Current code of practice in Malaysia is the
Eurocode 2.
 For reinforced concrete design, these are the
codes of practice being used:
• BS EN 1990 : 2002 - Eurocode : Basis of Structural Design
• BS EN 1991-1-1 : 2002 - Eurocode 1 : Actions on
structures (densities, self-weight, imposed loads for
buildings)
• BS EN 1992-1-1 : 2004 - Eurocode 2 : Design of concrete
structure
ACTIONS
 The set of applied forces (or loads) for
which a structure is to be designed.
 The standard actions are given in BS EN
1991 : Eurocode 1 – Actions on
Structures
 The main categories of actions are:
 Characteristic permanent actions, Gk
 Characteristic variable actions, Qk
CHARACTERISTIC PERMANENT
ACTIONS, Gk
 Actions which are normally constant
during the structures life.
 Include the weight of the structure itself
and all static components
 Examples:
 Self-weight of all permanent structures
such as beams, columns, floors, wall, roofs
and finishes.
 Permanent partitions
CHARACTERISTIC VARIABLE
ACTIONS, Qk
 These actions are more difficult to determine
accurately.
 Estimates are based on standard codes of practice
or past experience.
 The values adopted are based on observations
and measurements and it is less accurate than the
assessment of permanent actions.
 Examples:
 Weights of buildings occupants, furniture, machinery,
and retained earth or water.
 The standard values can be obtained from BS EN
1991-1-1:2002 (Actions on Structures) t
WIND, Wk
 Although wind is a variable action, it is
kept in separate category.
DESIGN LOAD
 For the design at Ultimate Limit State,
the load combination that will be used is
(wind load is excluded)

Design load = 1.35 gk+


1.5 qk MUST REMEMBER!!!!

*Ultimate Limit State requires the structure to be able to


withstand, with an adequate factor of safety against
collapse, designed to ensure safety of the occupants and
Failure Modes/Criteria

 There are 3 types of failure modes that


could occur in beam design:

1.Under reinforced
2.Balanced
3.Over reinforced
Under Reinforced

 Area of steel reinforcement is very small


as compared to the area of concrete
 Steel will reach its yield strength earlier
than concrete
Balanced
 Steel will reach its yield strength at the
same time as concrete
 •Ideal design
Over Reinforced
 This is strictly not allowed
 Concrete will reach its maximum
strength earlier than steel
 Failure occurs caused by early failure of
concrete in compression
 Failure happens without warning (abrupt
of sudden failure)
DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR SECTION

 There are two types of rectangular sections:

 1.Singly reinforced
As
 Consist only tension reinforcement, As

 2.Doubly reinforced
As’
 Consist of both tension, As and compression
As
reinforcement, As’
Table of Reinforcement

Numbers of Reinforcement
Size of
Bar 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
(mm)
6 28 57 85 113 141 170 198 226

10 79 157 236 314 393 471 550 628

12 113 226 339 452 565 679 792 905

16 201 402 603 804 1005 1206 1407 1608

20 314 628 942 1257 1571 1885 2199 2513

25 491 982 1473 1963 2454 2945 3436 3927

32 804 1608 2413 3217 4021 4825 5630 6434

40 1257 2513 3770 5027 6283 7540 8796 10053

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