Scribd
Upload
10 views25 pages

Lec6 Erd DFD

The document covers various modeling techniques in software engineering, including class-based modeling, scenario-based modeling, and data flow diagrams (DFD). It explains key concepts such as association, dependency, generalization, aggregation, and composition, as well as the components and rules of DFDs. Additionally, it outlines the steps for creating an Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD) and its components, emphasizing the importance of entities, attributes, and relationships in system design.

Uploaded by

ayesha batool
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
10 views25 pages

Lec6 Erd DFD

The document covers various modeling techniques in software engineering, including class-based modeling, scenario-based modeling, and data flow diagrams (DFD). It explains key concepts such as association, dependency, generalization, aggregation, and composition, as well as the components and rules of DFDs. Additionally, it outlines the steps for creating an Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD) and its components, emphasizing the importance of entities, attributes, and relationships in system design.

Uploaded by

ayesha batool
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 25

Software

Engineering
Week 07 Lecture 01
RECAP
Class-based modeling
•Association: the type of relationship between classes.
• Exactly one (1)
• Zero to Many (0 … *)
• Zero or one (0 … 1)
• One to Many (1 … *)
• Many to Many (* … *)
Association is a has-a relationship
Class-based modeling
[contd..]
•Dependency:

Car Engine
-color: string -horsepower: int

+moves() +starts()
Class-based modeling
[contd..]
•Generalization:

Person Student
Is-a
-name: string -rollNo: int

+walks() +studies()
Class-based modeling
[contd..]
•Aggregation:

Car Engine
-color: string -horsepower: int

+moves() +starts()
Class-based modeling
[contd..]
•Composition:

Book Pages
-name: string -color: string
Class-based Association

modeling
[contd..]

•Example:
Online Shopping ShoppingCart
-noOfItems : int
Scenario-
based
modeling
Activity Diagram
•Example:
Behavioral modeling [contd..]
•Components of a sequence diagram
Flow-oriented Modeling

Repository
Request Item
Data Flow Diagram (DFD)
• Graphically shows the flow of data between different
components or modules.
• The system or process is represented by a collection of
interconnected modules, called processes.
Data Flow Diagram (DFD)
[contd..] Source Sink
Components of DFD:
• External entity: an outside system that sends or receives
data, communicating with the system being diagrammed.
• Process: any process that changes the data, producing an
output
• Data store: files or repositories that hold information for
later use, such as a database table
Data Flow Diagram (DFD)
[contd..]
Components of DFD:
• Data flow: the route that data takes between the external
entities, processes and data stores.

External Entity Process Data Store Data Flow


Data Flow Diagram (DFD)
[contd..]
Rules of DFD:
• Each process should have at least one input and an output.
• Each data store should have at least one data flow in and one
data flow out.
• Data stored in a system must go through a process.
• All processes in a DFD go to another process or a data store.
• Data can’t flow from external entity to external entity or data
store.
Data Flow Diagram (DFD)
[contd..]
Levels of DFD:
• A data flow diagram can have many levels depending on
the details of the system.
• DFD levels are numbered 0,1,2 and so on.
• DFD level 0 (also called Context Diagram) is the basic
high-level view of the whole system.
Data Flow Diagram (DFD)
[contd..]
Levels of DFD:
• Level 0 diagram of Hotel Reservation system.
Data Flow
Diagram (DFD)
[contd..]
Levels of DFD:
• DFD level 1 is a more
detailed view of Context
Level Diagram, providing
the functionalities of
processes.
Data Flow
Diagram (DFD)
[contd..]
Levels of DFD:
• DFD level 2 is the more
detailed view of processes
of DFD
Entity-Relation Diagram
• An Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD) is a graphical
representation of entities and their relationships to each
other in a system.
Entity-Relation Diagram
Steps for creating ERD
1- Identify the entities
2- Define the relationships
3- Assign attributes to the entities
4- Find Identifier
5- Draw the ERD
Entity-Relation Diagram
[contd..]
• Entity: object having Student____
Student____
physical existence
Student_ID
*Student_ID
• Attributes: properties Student_Name
• Identifier: unique attribute Home_Address,
• Connectivity: association Phone_Number
Major
Entity-Relation Diagram
[contd..]
Entity-Relation Diagram
[contd..]
A system for managing student course registration would need data about courses, instructors, course sections,
course seats, and students; these are entities. The course registration management process might require course
name, number, and credit hours; these are attributes. The course registration management process might also
require instructor name, number, and department; these are also attributes. In ERD notation, the entity name
appears in the top of the box. The attributes are listed in the box below the name. The lines connecting the boxes
convey information about the relationships between the data.
Entity-Relation Diagram
[contd..]

You might also like