Scribd
Upload
7 views42 pages

Hypothesis Testing Lesson 1 1

The document outlines the fundamentals of hypothesis testing, including definitions of null and alternative hypotheses, level of significance, and types of errors. It provides examples of formulating hypotheses and identifies whether they are directional or non-directional. Additionally, it includes exercises for practice in hypothesis formulation.

Uploaded by

Hahaha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7 views42 pages

Hypothesis Testing Lesson 1 1

The document outlines the fundamentals of hypothesis testing, including definitions of null and alternative hypotheses, level of significance, and types of errors. It provides examples of formulating hypotheses and identifies whether they are directional or non-directional. Additionally, it includes exercises for practice in hypothesis formulation.

Uploaded by

Hahaha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 42

HYPOTHESIS TESTING TEACHER CEZ

GRSHS-X
OBJECTIVES:
1. Illustrate the following:
(a) null hypothesis
(b) alternative hypothesis
(c) level of significance
(d) rejection region
(e) types of errors in hypothesis testing

1. Solve Problems involving hypothesis Testing and


computation of test statistic
2.
DEFINITIONS:
Hypothesis testing is a decision-making process for evaluating claims
about a population based on the characteristics of a sample purportedly
coming from that population. The decision is whether the characteristic is
acceptable or not. It involves deciding between the two opposing hypotheses
which are the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis.
The null hypothesis, denoted by , is a statement that there is no
significant difference between a parameter and a specific value, or that there
is no significant difference between two parameters.
The alternative hypothesis, denoted by , is a statement that there is
a significant difference between a parameter and a specific value, or that
there is a significant difference between two parameters. When the
alternative hypothesis utilizes the ≠ symbol, the test is said to be non-
directional. When the alternative hypothesis utilizes the > or < symbol, the
test is said to be directional. In problems involving hypothesis testing,
words like greater, efficient, improves, effective, increases and so on that
suggest a right-tailed direction. Words like decrease, less than, smaller,
and the like suggest a left-tailed direction.
 In statistics, a hypothesis is an assumption or conjecture
about a population parameter which may or may not be true.
 In the scientific method, the hypothesis is constructed before
any applicable research has been done.
 Null hypothesis is a statement denoted by , that states that
there is no difference, no changes, nothing happened, no
relationship between a parameter and a specific value, or the
independent variable does not affect the dependent variable.
 It makes a statement about the population, not the sample.
The true value of the population parameter is specified in
writing the null hypothesis.
 Alternative hypothesis is a statement denoted by , is a
statement that states that there is a difference, an effect,
change, relationship between a parameter and a specific value,
the independent variable has an effect on the dependent
variable, or something happened.

 An alternative hypothesis is a statement that directly contradicts


a null hypothesis by stating that that the actual value of a
population parameter is less than, greater than, or not equal to
the value stated in the null hypothesis.
LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE
LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE
EXAMPLES:
Formulate a null hypothesis and its alternative hypothesis and identify whether
the alternative hypothesis is directional or non-directional for each of the
following:
1. The average TV viewing time of all five-year old children is 4 hours daily.
Answer:
Null Hypothesis: The average TV viewing of all five-year old children is 4 hours
daily. (This is the claim.) In symbol, .
Alternative Hypothesis: The average TV viewing of all five-year old children is
not 4 hours daily. (This is the opposite of the claim.) In symbol,
CRITICAL REGION
CRITICAL REGION
CRITICAL REGION
CRITICAL REGION
EXAMPLES:
1. Stephen says that he is not bald. His hairline is just receding. Is
he committing an error? If so, what type of error?
Answer: Yes. A receding hairline indicates balding. This is a Type I
error.
2. A man plans to go hunting the Philippine monkey-eating eagle
believing that it is a proof of his mettle. What type of error is this?
Answer: Hunting the Philippine eagle is prohibited by law but still
the man plans to go hunting. In this case, he committed a Type II
error since he accepts a false reality.
EXERCISES:
Formulate a null hypothesis and its alternative hypothesis for each of the
following and identify whether the alternative hypothesis is directional or non-
directional:
1. A college librarian claims that 20 storybooks on the average are borrowed daily.
2. The mean performance of all grade 6 leavers of a school in the NAT is 35.
3. The investor of a new kind of light bulb claims that all bulbs last as long as 3000
hours.
HYPOTHESIS TESTING END

You might also like