Scribd
Upload
4 views14 pages

Unit 2 KB - 1

Knowledge Representation (KR) in AI involves how machines understand and utilize information about the real world to solve complex problems. It encompasses various types of knowledge, including declarative, procedural, meta, heuristic, and structural knowledge, which are essential for intelligent behavior in AI agents. A good KR system must ensure representational accuracy, inferential adequacy, efficiency, and the ability to acquire knowledge effectively.

Uploaded by

rj0110865
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views14 pages

Unit 2 KB - 1

Knowledge Representation (KR) in AI involves how machines understand and utilize information about the real world to solve complex problems. It encompasses various types of knowledge, including declarative, procedural, meta, heuristic, and structural knowledge, which are essential for intelligent behavior in AI agents. A good KR system must ensure representational accuracy, inferential adequacy, efficiency, and the ability to acquire knowledge effectively.

Uploaded by

rj0110865
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Knowledge Representation

AI
Unit -2
What is Knowledge Representation?

Humans are best at understanding, reasoning, and

interpreting knowledge. Human knows things, which is

knowledge and as per their knowledge they perform various

actions in the real world.

But how machines do all these things comes under

knowledge representation and reasoning. Hence we can

describe Knowledge representation as following:


1. Knowledge representation and reasoning (KR, KRR) is the part of
Artificial intelligence which concerned with AI agents thinking and how
thinking contributes to intelligent behaviour of agents.

2. It is responsible for representing information about the real world so


that a computer can understand and can utilize this knowledge to solve
the complex real world problems such as diagnosis a medical condition
or communicating with humans in natural language.

3. It is also a way which describes how we can represent knowledge in


artificial intelligence. Knowledge representation is not just storing data
into some database, but it also enables an intelligent machine to learn
from that knowledge and experiences so that it can behave intelligently
What to Represent:
Following are the kind of knowledge which needs to be represented in
AI system:
•Object: All the facts about objects in our world domain. E.g., Guitars
contains strings, trumpets are brass instruments.
•Events: Events are the actions which occur in our world.
•Performance: It describe behavior which involves knowledge about
how to do things.
•Meta-knowledge: It is knowledge about what we know.
•Facts: Facts are the truths about the real world and what we
represent.
•Knowledge-Base: The central component of the knowledge-based
agents is the knowledge base. It is represented as KB. The
Knowledgebase is a group of the Sentences (Here, sentences are used
Types of Knowledge
Following are the various types of knowledge:
1. Declarative Knowledge:
• Declarative knowledge is to know about something. It includes concepts,
facts, and objects.
• It is also called descriptive knowledge and expressed in declarative
sentences.

2. Procedural Knowledge: It is also known as imperative knowledge.


• Procedural knowledge is a type of knowledge which is responsible for
knowing how to do something.
• It can be directly applied to any task.
• It includes rules, strategies, procedures, agendas, etc.
3. Meta-Knowledge:
• Knowledge about the other types of knowledge is called Meta-
knowledge.

4. Heuristic Knowledge:
• Heuristic knowledge is representing knowledge of some experts in a filed
or subject.
• Heuristic knowledge is rules of thumb based on previous experiences,
awareness of approaches, and which are good to work but not
guaranteed.

5. Structural Knowledge:
• Structural knowledge is basic knowledge to problem-solving.
The relation between Knowledge and Intelligence:

Knowledge of real-worlds plays a vital role in intelligence and same for


creating artificial intelligence. Knowledge plays an important role in
demonstrating intelligent behaviour in AI agents. An agent is only able
to accurately act on some input when he has some knowledge or
experience about that input.

Let's suppose if you met some person who is speaking in a language


which you don't know, then how you will able to act on that. The same
thing applies to the intelligent behaviour of the agents. As we can see in
below diagram, there is one decision maker which act by sensing the
environment and using knowledge. But if the knowledge part will not
AI Knowledge Cycle:
An Artificial intelligence system has the following
components for displaying intelligent behaviour:

1. Perception
2. Learning
3. Knowledge Representation and Reasoning
4. Planning
5. Execution
Knowledge Representation in Artificial
intelligence
The above diagram is showing how an AI system can interact with the
real world and what components help it to show intelligence.
AI system has Perception component by which it retrieves information
from its environment. It can be visual, audio or another form of sensory
input. The learning component is responsible for learning from data
captured by Perception comportment. In the complete cycle, the main
components are knowledge representation and Reasoning. These two
components are involved in showing the intelligence in machine-like
humans. These two components are independent with each other but
also coupled together. The planning and execution depend on analysis of
Requirements for knowledge Representation system:
A good knowledge representation system must possess the following
properties.
1. Representational Accuracy:
आनुमानि
KR system should
क have the ability to represent all kind of required
knowledge.
2. Inferential [ ]Adequacy:
KR system should have ability to manipulate the representational
structures to produce new knowledge corresponding to existing structure.
3. Inferential Efficiency:
The ability to direct the inferential knowledge mechanism into the most
productive directions by storing appropriate guides.
4. Acquisitional Efficiency:

You might also like