Python Module
Python Modules
Python Module is a file that contains built-in functions,
classes,its and variables. There are many Python modules,
each with its specific work.
• A Python module is a file containing Python definitions
and statements. A module can define functions, classes,
and variables. A module can also include runnable code.
• Grouping related code into a module makes the code
easier to understand and use. It also makes the code
logically organized.
Create a Python Module
To create a Python module, write the desired code and save that in
a file with .py extension. Let’s understand it better with an example:
Example:
Let’s create a simple calc.py in which we define two functions,
one add and another subtract.
# A simple module, calc.py
def add(x, y):
return (x+y)
def subtract(x, y):
return (x-y)
Import module in Python
We can import the functions, and classes defined in a module to another
module using the import statement in some other Python source file.
When the interpreter encounters an import statement, it imports the
module if the module is present in the search path.
Note: A search path is a list of directories that the interpreter searches for
importing a module.
For example, to import the module calc.py, we need to put the following
command at the top of the script.
Syntax to Import Module in Python
import module
Note: This does not import the functions or classes directly instead imports the
module only. To access the functions inside the module the dot(.) operator is used.
Importing modules in Python Example
Now, we are importing the calc that we created
earlier to perform add operation.
# importing module calc.py
import calc
print(calc.add(10, 2))
Output:
12
Python Import From Module
Python’s from statement lets you import specific attributes from a module
without importing the module as a whole.
Here, we are importing specific sqrt and factorial attributes from the math
module.
Example:
# importing sqrt() and factorial from the module math
from math import sqrt, factorial
print(sqrt(16))
print(factorial(6))
Output:
4.0
720
Note : if we simply do "import math", then
math.sqrt(16) and math.factorial() are required.
Import all Names
The * symbol used with the import statement is used to
import all the names from a module to a current
namespace.
Syntax:
from module_name import *
What does import * do in Python?
The use of * has its advantages and disadvantages. If you know exactly
what you will be needing from the module, it is not recommended to use
*, else do so.
Example
# importing sqrt() and factorial from the # module math
from math import *
print(sqrt(16))
print(factorial(6))
Output
4.0
720
Import Specific Functions with Alias in
Python
In Python, you can import a specific function or
class from a module and give it a custom name
(alias) using the as keyword.
This helps in:
• Making names shorter or more readable.
• Avoiding naming conflicts.
Syntax:
from module_name import function_name as alias_name
Example: Importing datetime module with an
Alias
from datetime import datetime as dt
# Get current date and time
now = dt.now()
print("Current Date and Time:", now)
print("Hour:", now.hour)
print("Minute:", now.minute)
Output:
Current Date and Time: 2025-05-01 14:23:45.123456
Hour: 14
Minute: 23
Problem Statement
1. Import Specific Functions with Alias
Use from datetime import datetime as dt to:
Print the current date and time.
Extract and print just the current hour and minute.
2.Create a Python file named temperature_utils.py with two
functions:
celsius_to_fahrenheit(c)
fahrenheit_to_celsius(f)
Then, in another script (main.py), import and use these
functions to convert:
37°C to Fahrenheit
98.6°F to Celsius
