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IOT-Domain Analyst

Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) is essential for uncovering patterns and insights in datasets through exploration, visualization, and summarization. The process includes data collection, cleaning, handling missing values, computing summary statistics, and visualizing data to identify relationships and outliers. EDA is iterative, allowing for refinement and deeper exploration based on insights gained.

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6 views11 pages

IOT-Domain Analyst

Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) is essential for uncovering patterns and insights in datasets through exploration, visualization, and summarization. The process includes data collection, cleaning, handling missing values, computing summary statistics, and visualizing data to identify relationships and outliers. EDA is iterative, allowing for refinement and deeper exploration based on insights gained.

Uploaded by

balaaruniwant250002
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exploratory Data Analysis

 EDA is a crucial step in data analysis, involving data exploration,


visualization, and summarization to uncover patterns and gain insights.
 EDA helps to understand the structure and characteristics of the
dataset, detect outliers, and identify relationships between variables
through statistical analysis and visualizations.
Data Collection
 Obtain the dataset you want to analyze.
 This may involve downloading data from a database, gathering
data from surveys, or accessing publicly available datasets. import pandas as pd
# Read data from a CSV
file
Data Exploration data =
pd.read_csv('data.csv')
 Explore the dataset to gain an initial understanding.
 This can involve examining the structure of the data, checking the number of rows and
columns, and previewing the first few rows to get a sense of the variables and their values.
# Check the number of rows and columns
data.shape
# Preview first few rows
data.head()
# View column names
data.columns
Data Cleaning
 Clean the data to ensure it is in a usable format.

 This includes handling missing values, removing duplicates, correcting inconsistent


data, and transforming data types if necessary.

# Handling missing values


data.dropna() # Drop rows with missing values
data.fillna(value) # Fill missing values with a specific value
# Removing duplicates
data.drop_duplicates()
# Correcting inconsistent data
data['column_name'].replace(old_value, new_value, inplace=True)
Missing Value Treatment
 Address missing values in the dataset.
 This can involve imputing missing values using techniques like mean, median,
mode, or advanced imputation methods like regression or machine learning
algorithms.
# Drop rows with missing values
data.dropna(inplace=True)
# Fill missing values with mean
data.fillna(data.mean(), inplace=True)
# Fill missing values with forward fill
data.fillna(method='ffill',
inplace=True)
Summary Statistics
 Compute basic summary statistics such as mean, median, mode, standard deviation, and
quartiles for numerical variables.
 For categorical variables, you can calculate frequency counts or proportions for each
category.

# Compute basic summary statistics


data.describe()
# Calculate mean, median, mode
data.mean()
data.median()
data.mode()
Data Visualization
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 Create visual representations of the import seaborn as sns
# Histogram
data using graphs, charts, and plots.
plt.hist(data['column_name'])
 This helps to identify patterns, # Box plot
trends, and outliers. sns.boxplot(x=data['column_name'])
 Common visualizations include # Scatter plot
histograms, box plots, scatter plots, plt.scatter(data['x_column'],
data['y_column'])
bar charts, and heatmaps.
# Bar chart
sns.countplot(data['category_column'])
# Heatmap
sns.heatmap(data.corr())
Correlation Analysis
 Examine the relationships between variables by calculating correlation
coefficients.
 This helps to identify variables that are highly correlated, positively or
negatively, and can provide insights into potential predictors or
multicollinearity.

# Calculate correlation matrix


correlation_matrix = data.corr()
# Heatmap of correlation matrix
sns.heatmap(correlation_matrix, annot=True, cmap='coolwarm')
Outlier Detection
 Identify and handle outliers in the data.
 Outliers can significantly impact analysis results, so it's important to detect and
understand their presence.
 Common techniques for outlier detection include box plots, z-scores, and
clustering methods.

# Box plot
sns.boxplot(x=data['column_name'])
# Z-score method
from scipy.stats import zscore
data['z_score'] = zscore(data['column_name'])
outliers = data[(data['z_score'] > 3) | (data['z_score'] < -3)]
Data Transformation
 Perform transformations on variables to make the data more suitable for analysis or
modeling.
 Examples include log transformations, square roots, normalization, or standardization.

# Log transformation
data['log_transformed'] = np.log(data['column_name'])

# Standardization
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler

scaler = StandardScaler()
data['standardized_column'] =
scaler.fit_transform(data['column_name'].values.reshape(-1, 1))
Hypothesis Testing
 If applicable, conduct statistical tests to validate hypotheses or assumptions about data.
This can involve t-tests, chi-square tests, ANOVA, or other appropriate tests based on the
nature of the data and the research questions.

from scipy.stats import ttest_ind

# Perform t-test between two groups


group1 = data[data['group'] == 1]['column_name']
group2 = data[data['group'] == 2]['column_name']
statistic, p_value = ttest_ind(group1, group2)
Iterative Analysis
EDA is often an iterative process.
 As you uncover insights, you may go back and refine your analysis, perform additional
transformations, or explore specific aspects in more detail.

In conclusion, Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) is a crucial step in the data analysis
process that helps to understand the dataset, identify patterns, relationships, and
outliers, and inform subsequent analysis and modeling decisions. It provides valuable
insights and serves as a foundation for data-driven decision-making.

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