Pertemuan 06-Types of Sentences
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Quantum IdeaTYPES OF
SENTENCES
Class 06, Diana Rahayu, S.Pd., M.Si
First: Understanding Clauses
A clause is a group of words that
includes a subject and a verb.
It's important to understand that
there are two types of clauses:
a. Independent Clauses
b. Dependent Clauses
(Subordinate Clauses)
Understanding clauses
Independent
Clauses Dependent Clauses
A sentence must have at least one Dependent clauses are incomplete thoughts.
independent clause. An independent They depend on an independent clause in order
clause is a group of words that form for the sentence to have meaning. Dependent
clauses begin with a subordinate conjunction.
a complete thought when you put them
together Example:
Example: • when I got home (what happened?)
• because the restaurant was closed (what
• She ate lunch.
happened because it was closed?)
• The car drove on the road. • whom I respect very much (whom are we
• On Tuesday, I had my test. talking about?)
As you can see, more information is needed. To
These sentences are complete thoughts, create a complete sentence, you need to add
which means that no more information is an independent clause.
needed to understand them completely
Understanding clauses
■ Dependent Clauses part 2 ■ Example
Here are the examples again but • I washed the dishes when I
written as complete sentences got home.
(known as complex sentences):
• We couldn't eat because the
restaurant was closed.
• The company's owner is Alice
Brown, whom I respect very
much.
Sentence Structures
Structure #1: Simple
Sentences
■ A simple sentence is one independent Again, all of these sentences
clause. are complete thoughts
■ A clause is a group of words that
contain a subject and a verb, and an
independent clause it a group of words
that form a complete thought when
you put them together
■ Example:
• She ate lunch. (Independent clause)
• The car drove on the
road. (Independent clause)
• On Tuesday, I had my
test. (Independent clause)
Sentence Structures
Structure #2: Compound
Sentences
■ A compound sentence is made • F = for
of two independent clauses
• A = and
joined by a
coordinating conjunction. • N = nor
■ Although the most commonly • B = but
used coordinating conjunctions
are but, and, so, and or • O = or
■ there are seven coordinating • Y = yet
conjunctions in English • S = so
Sentence Structures
Structure #2: Compound
Sentences
Sentence Structures
Structure #3: Complex
Sentences
■ A complex sentence has a dependent • (Note: When a dependent clause
clause and an independent clause starts a sentence, you should put
■ The dependent clause can come at the a comma at its end to show where
beginning of the sentence or at the the clause ends.)
end
An adjective clause (also known as a
■ Example: relative clause) is also considered a
• She fell asleep because she was tired. dependent clause as well. E.g.:
• Because she was tired, she fell asleep. • This is the store where I bought my
hat.
• I'll call you if I go.
• Vancouver, which is in western
• If I go, I'll call you.
Canada, is a beautiful city.
Sentence Structures
Structure #4: Compound-
Complex
■ two independent clauses joined a coordinating conjunction
■ a dependent clause
■ The dependent clause can be anywhere in the sentence. Here are
some examples:
• She took out her umbrella because it was raining, and then she walked
home.
• I don't like exercising, but I'll do it if I have to.
• The man who was on the other side of the street waved, so I looked at
him.
QUESTION
What about Compound-Compound?
Complex-Complex?
Technically, you can make more complicated types of of
sentence structures, for example:
• She arrived and then he arrived and then I arrived so we
were all there.
■ Is this Compound-Compound-Compound sentence? No.
It's still just called a Compound sentence. Also, it's a badly
written sentence.
• Before she went home, she cleaned up the area where she
had worked.
■ Is this a Complex-Complex sentence? No. It's still called
a complex sentence, even though there are two
dependent clauses.
Why is all this important? What
sentence structures should I use?
■ Spoken English tends to mainly use simple and compound sentences, but
higher-level writing (e.g. academic and business communications) should
use some complex structures.
■ A complex sentence can be more efficient because it can contain several
ideas in the same sentence.
■ Also, using conjunctions such although or because helps the reader
understand how ideas relate to each other, which makes your writing
more cohesive.
■ Still, writing well doesn't mean only using long and complicated sentences.
■ Writing is most effective when it's clear.
■ This can be achieved by using short, simple sentences, such as this one.
■ In short, writing effectively and efficiently means using a variety of sentence
structures.
Thank You
