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Computer Fundamentals Detailed

A computer is an electronic device that processes data and executes tasks based on instructions, characterized by speed, accuracy, automation, versatility, and storage capabilities. It consists of hardware (physical components), software (programs), and users, with various input, output, and storage devices. The Central Processing Unit (CPU) manages data flow and executes operations, while operating systems control hardware and software interactions.

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2 views

Computer Fundamentals Detailed

A computer is an electronic device that processes data and executes tasks based on instructions, characterized by speed, accuracy, automation, versatility, and storage capabilities. It consists of hardware (physical components), software (programs), and users, with various input, output, and storage devices. The Central Processing Unit (CPU) manages data flow and executes operations, while operating systems control hardware and software interactions.

Uploaded by

yatsauk11
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Fundamentals &

Number System
An Introductory Overview
What is a Computer?
• A computer is an electronic device that processes data and performs tasks
according to a set of instructions. It can take input, process it using a CPU,
store information, and produce output.
Characteristics of Computers
• Speed: Computers process millions of instructions per second. Accuracy:
They perform calculations and operations with minimal errors.
Automation: Once programmed, computers operate automatically.
Versatility: They can perform a wide variety of tasks. Storage: Computers
can store vast amounts of data for long periods.
Components of a Computer System
• Hardware: The physical parts of a computer like CPU, monitor, keyboard.
Software: Programs and applications that run on the computer. User: The
person who operates and interacts with the computer.
Hardware Components
• Input Devices: Allow users to enter data into the computer. Output
Devices: Display the result of processing. Storage Devices: Store data
permanently or temporarily. Processing Unit: Executes instructions and
processes data.
Input Devices
• Keyboard: Used to enter text and commands. Mouse: A pointing device to
interact with the user interface. Scanner: Converts physical documents
into digital format. Microphone: Captures sound input for processing.
Output Devices
• Monitor: Displays text, images, and videos. Printer: Produces a hard copy
of digital documents. Speakers: Output sound and audio signals. Projector:
Projects visual content onto a large screen.
Storage Devices
• Hard Disk: A magnetic storage device used for long-term data storage.
SSD: A fast, flash-based storage device. USB Flash Drive: Portable storage
device. Optical Discs: CDs and DVDs used to read/write data with a laser.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• Control Unit: Manages the flow of data and instructions. Arithmetic Logic
Unit (ALU): Performs mathematical and logical operations. Registers: Small
storage areas within the CPU for quick data access.
Software
• System Software: Includes operating systems and utilities that manage
hardware. Application Software: Programs designed for end users, like MS
Word. Utility Programs: Perform maintenance tasks like antivirus scans.
Operating Systems
• Definition: Software that manages hardware and other software.
Functions: Controls devices, manages files, runs applications. Examples:
Windows, macOS, Linux, Android.

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