DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

 Database management system (DBMS)

 Organize the data

 Becomes a data storage system

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THE DATABASE
 Stores a collection of related items
 Collection is arranged in a structure
 Organizes and describes the data
 Often includes helper documents
 Two different types

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DATABASE STRUCTURE

Field Name

Field

Record

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THE DATABASE
 Fields
 Hold an individual piece of data
 Are named descriptively
 Often called a column
 Phone book examples
 Name, address, e-mail, phone number
 Fields may contain no data

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THE DATABASE
 Records
 One full set of fields
 Often called a row
 Phone book example
 Smith, Joe, 123 Some Street, 412-555-7777
 Databases may have unlimited rows

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THE DATABASE
 Tables
 One complete collection of records
 Databases may have thousands of tables

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DATABASE HELPER DOCUMENTS
 Forms
 Present one record to the user
 Often used to change or view data

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DATABASE HELPER DOCUMENTS
 Reports
 Produce printed results from the database
 Includes tools to summarize data

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FLAT-FILE DATABASES
 Typically has only one table
 If multiple, each has a separate file
 Useful for simple data storage needs
 Hard to manage large data needs

 Can waste disk space

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RELATIONAL DATABASES
 Made of two or more tables
 Tables are related by a common field
 Calleda relationship or join
 Can help organize data
 Most common form of database
 Maintaining data is easier than flat-file

 No wasted disk space

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ER DIAGRAM

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THE DBMS
 Programs that control the database
 Allows
 Entering data
 Querying data
 Printing reports
 Supports thousands of users
 Includes tools to protect the data

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WORKING WITH A DATABASE
 Creating tables
 Listthe necessary fields
 Steps to define a field
 Descriptively name the field
 Specify the field type

 Determine the field size

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WORKING WITH A DATABASE
 Field types
 Describes
the type of data stored
 Most DBMS use the same types
 Text fields store letters and numbers
 Numeric field store numbers

 Date and time field

 Logical field stores yes or no

 Binary field stores images or sounds

 Counter field generates sequential numbers

 Memo fields store large amounts of data

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WORKING WITH A DATABASE
 Entering data into a table
 Userstype data into a field
 Data must be entered accurately
 Constraints help to verify data
 Forms are typically used for data entry

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WORKING WITH A DATABASE
 Viewing records
 Datasheet view shows all records
 Filters can limit the records shown
 Display only records matching a criteria
 Forms allow viewing one record

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WORKING WITH A DATABASE
 Sorting records
 Order records based on a field
 Multiple sub sorts resolve ‘ties’
 Several types of sorts
 Alphabetic
 Numeric

 Chronological

 Ascending

 Descending

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WORKING WITH A DATABASE
 Querying a database
 Statement that describes desired data
 List of fields can be modified
 Uses of querying
 Find data
 Calculate values per record

 Delete records

 Most important DBMS skill

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WORKING WITH A DATABASE
 Query languages
 All DBMS use a query language
 Most DBMS modify the language
 Structured Query Language (SQL)
 Most common query language
 xBase
 Query language for dBase systems
 Query by example (QBE)
 Interface to SQL or xBase
 Interactive query design

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QUERY EXAMPLES
 SQL
Select FirstName, LastName, Phone
From tblPhoneNumbers
Where LastName=“Norton”;

 xBase
Use tblPhoneNumbers
List FirstName, LastName, Phone
For LastName=“Norton”

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WORKING WITH A DATABASE
 Generating reports
 Printedinformation extracted from
a database
 Can calculate data
 Calculate data per row
 Calculate for entire table

 Pictures and formatting can be included

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CHAPTER 11A
End of Chapter
CHAPTER 11B
Survey of Database Systems
ENTERPRISE SOFTWARE
 Enterprise definitions
 Systems throughout the entire organization
 Very large scale computer systems
 Historically found on mainframes
 Modern enterprise runs on PC servers

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ENTERPRISE SOFTWARE
 Suite of programs
 Handles thousands of users at once

 Access to millions of records

 Looks and acts like a DBMS

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ENTERPRISE SOFTWARE
 Distributed applications
 Software installed on several machines
 Data stored on several machines
 Data placed closest to appropriate users
 Work load is balanced among machines

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ENTERPRISE SOFTWARE
 Tiers
 Software between user and data
 Tiers control one part of enterprise
 Two tier systems
 Data storage
 Client interface

 Three tier systems

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ENTERPRISE SOFTWARE
 Meet the needs of many users
 Applicationsare very complex
 Support many types of users
 Supports many different nationalities
 Must support large data flow

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ENTERPRISE SOFTWARE
 Electronic document management
 EDM
 Tracks and organizes documents
 Collaboration between team members
 Database tracks all changes

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ENTERPRISE SOFTWARE
 Disconnected databases
 Connections are given a copy of data
 Reduces the number of open connections
 Reduces the data flow needs
 May result in different versions of data

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DATABASES AT WORK
 Required in nearly every business
 Can automate tasks
 Increases business efficiency

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DATABASES AT WORK
 Knowledge discovery
 Technique of databases
 Generates questions for the database
 Those you did not think to ask

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DATABASES AT WORK
 Data mining
 Type of knowledge discovery
 Searches for trends and patterns
 Makes predictions on events
 Supplies ideas for improving business

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DATABASES AT WORK
 Internet uses
 Commercial websites use databases
 Supply image and price information
 Specialtydatabases exist online
 Search engines track links

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DATABASES AT WORK
 Databases for individuals
 Manage aspects of your life
 Organizes hobbies for school
 Microsoft Access is the most popular

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COMMON CORPORATE DBMS
 Oracle
 Most popular enterprise-level DBMS
 Very flexible storage system
 Can be very complex
 Platform independent
 Offers a wide range of solutions

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COMMON CORPORATE DBMS
 DB2
 Venerable IBM database
 Platform independent
 Only database using pure SQL

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COMMON CORPORATE DBMS
 Microsoft SQL Server
 Fastest growing DBMS
 Only runs on Microsoft platforms
 Eight different versions exist
 Extremely scalable architecture
 Software can grow with the data

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COMMON CORPORATE DBMS
 MySQL
 Leading DBMS for Linux
 Very inexpensive
 Features are those needed in business
 Often faster than other DBMS
 Platform independent

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CHAPTER 11B
End of Chapter