ABCTS : UNIT – 6

SPECIALIZED SERVICES

SOLAR LIGHTING / WATER

AUTOMATIZED SERVICES
INTELLIGENT AND SMART SERVICES

GROUP MEMBERS :-
17. PRAJAKTA SHINDE (1MA117)
18. SONALI DUDGIKAR (1MA118)
19. SURAJ WANKHEDE (1MA119)
 SOLAR LIGHTING / WATER

SUBMITTED BY – SURAJ WANKHEDE

SOLAR LIGHTING
SOLAR PANEL :
• A solar panel is a device that converts sunlight into electricity by using photovoltaic (PV)
cells.
• PV cells are made of materials that generate electrons when exposed to light.
• The electrons flow through a circuit and produce direct current (DC) electricity, which can be
used to power various devices or stored in batteries. Solar panels are also known as solar cell
panels, solar electric panels, or PV modules.
• A solar panel is a collection of solar cells. Solar cells are small devices which can convert
sunlight into electricity. One cell will only provide a very small amount of power. Several cells
connected together and fixed in a frame to form a module (solar panel), which can produce a
larger, useful amount of power. The final product that you see on rooftops are a series of
connected panels called an array.
TYPES OF SOLAR PANELS
1. MONOCRYSTALLINE PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR PANEL :
• Monocrystalline is the highest quality of solar cell. These cells
are cut from a single, continuous solid cylinder of crystal.
• The cylinder is then sliced into thin wafers to create solar cells.
These cells are the most efficient when convert the sun's energy
to electricity.
• Therefore, they are the most expensive solar panels currently
available, but they require less space than other cells because
they can produce more energy.
2. POLYCRYSTALLINE PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR PANEL :
• Polycrystalline solar panel is now the most popular choice in
residential installs.
• They are made up of multiple silicon cells that are melted together
and then recrystallized.
• This process is simpler and less wasteful than with monocrystalline
panels. These cells are slightly less efficient, but also cheaper than
monocrystalline cells.
3. THIN-FILM SOLAR CELLS :
• Thin-film solar panels are also known as TFSC. These are made by
placing one or more films of PV material, such as silicon, cadmium,
and copper, on a substrate.
• Thin-film solar cells are flexible and less affected by high
temperatures. The disadvantage of these solar cells is that it takes
more space, making them unsuitable for residential establishment.
TYPES OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM
1. GRID-TIE SYSTEM :
• Grid-Tie System is a solar system that is connected to the utility power grid. In this way, the
power supply drawn from the utility grid will be reduced by the amount of power generated
by the PV system. However, when there is little or no output from the PV system due to
cloudy weather or at night, the electricity drawn from the utility grid will be correspondingly
increased. This system only works when the grid is up. If the grid power goes out, the grid-tie
inverter needs to be shut down immediately.
2. OFF-GRID SYSTEM :
• An off-grid system or stand-alone system is designed to operate independent of the utility
power grid. This system required batteries for energy storage to provide electricity when
there is little or no output from the PV system. During the day the sun shines, it will not only
supplies power to your home, but will charge the batteries as well. When it is rainy days or
the sun isn't shining, you use the power stored in the batteries.
3. HYBRID SYSTEM :
• Hybrid system is a combination of grid-tied and off-grid systems. These systems can either be
described as off-grid solar with utility backup power or grid-tied solar with extra battery
storage. This system functions like a grid tied system when the grid is up, but it also charges a
set of batteries. If the grid goes down, the inverter disconnects from the grid, but it continues
to supply power to the house from the batteries and inverter, basically behaving like an off-
grid system when the grid is down.
BUILDING INTEGRATED PV SYSTEM
(BIPV)
• A Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) system consists of
integrating photovoltaics modules into the building envelope,
such as the roof or the facade.
• By simultaneously serving as building envelope material and
power generator, BIPV systems can provide savings in
materials and electricity costs, reduce use of fossil fuels and
emission of ozone depleting gases, and add architectural
interest to the building.

COMPONENTS OF BIPV :
A complete building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) includes :
a. The PV modules (which might be thin film)
b. A charge controller (to regulate power into and out of battery)
c. A power storage system (comprised of utility grid or batteries)
d. Power conversion equipment's (to convert dc output to ac)
e. Backup power supplies (such as diesel generators)
f. Appropriate support and mounting hardware, wiring and
safety disconnects.
 BIPV APPLICATION
• Facades can be installed on existing buildings giving old buildings a whole new look. These
modules are mounted on the facades of the building over existing structure which can
increase the appeal of the building and its resale value.
• There are two basic commercial PV modules available in market today, they are:
1. Thick crystalline products:
• It includes solar cells made from crystalline silicon delivers about 10-12 watts per sq. ft of
PV array (under full sun).
2. Thin- film products :
• It includes very thin layers of photovoltaically active material placed on glass or metal
substrate using vacuum deposition. Delivers about 4-5 watts per sq. ft of PV array (under
full sun).

1.00 m
1.98 m
PITCHED ROOF MOUNTING SYSTEM
PITCHED ROOF MOUNT :
Pitched roof mounting is installing solar panels on non-flat or angled roofs. This is the most
common type of solar panel installation seen in residential solar systems. This type of roof
installation is more difficult to install and maintain, due to the roof orientation and angle are
not compatible with the optimum solar array tilt angle.
1. FLUSH MOUNT :
Flush mounts are the cheapest and most simple solar panel
mounting solution available. It is installed by placing a metal
end bracket on each side of the solar panel, elevating it
several inches from the surface, so that air can flow under the
unit and keep it cool. This type of installation typically used
with small solar arrays on rooftops because it cannot support
large solar panels, but it can install at the slope of any roof.
2. ANGLE MOUNT : FLUSH MOUNT
Angle mount is typically done on a roof with a lower pitch
where the owners do not mind having the panels stick up and
away from the roof. This type of installation also has higher
efficiency for the PV system.
3. FIN MOUNT :
Fin mount is for homes with shallow roof pitches where the
roofs slope to the east and to the west. It is the most
obtrusive of the mounting styles, but is sometimes the only ANGLE MOUNT FIN MOUNT
option available. These systems will be fairly efficient, but will
need more roof area than the others.
FLAT ROOF MOUNTING SYSTEM
FLAT ROOF MOUNT :
Flat roof mount is more common on commercial installations and is easier to install. It offers
flexibility for orienting and tilting the solar panels for ideal solar collection. The three main
flat roof mounting techniques are attached, ballasted and a hybrid option that uses both
ballast and structural attachments.
1. ATTACHED MOUNT :
This type of installation relies on penetrations in the roof
surface and connections to the framing. There are several
options available for fastening the racking system to the
building.
2. BALLASTED MOUNT : ATTACHED MOUNT
Ballasts mount rely solely on the weight of the array, racking
system and additional material, like concrete paver, to hold
the array to the roof. This type of installation does not require
penetration and can withstand winds up to 90 mph.
3. HYBRID MOUNT :
BALLASTED MOUNT
Hybrid mount is a combination of ballasted and structural
attachments. This type of installation takes advantage of both
attached and ballasted features. A hybrid racking system
requires a minimum number of penetrations and some level
of ballasting.

HYBRID MOUNT
FUNCTIONS
Solar panels that integrate into the building will provide at least one additional functionality
to the building envelop besides electricity generation, such as:
1. Sun protection
• The photovoltaic cells provide sun protection, delivering shading and glare control acting
as opaque elements.
• It can also provide the desired degree of transparency according to the design of the
building.
2. Architectural design
• Solar panels that are available in a wide range of designs make it possible to use them as
architectural design elements.
• Moreover, the innovative solar panels add to the image of the building and contribute to
the impressive atmosphere within.
3. Thermal Control
• When the solar panel is exposed to radiation, particularly the case with direct radiation to
the solar panel, the temperature of a solar panel can increase significantly.
• The heat from the solar panel then radiates into the environment can be harnessed to
provide heating or can be utilized to enhance passive ventilation systems.
FUNCTIONS
4. Thermal insulation
• The multilayer glass structures of the solar panel can be used to provide thermal
insulation depends on their thickness.
• Furthermore, most of the solar panels can also be integrated into insulation double or
triple glazing structures or used as alternative front cladding for curtain or roof insulation
elements.
5. Weather protection
• The glass structure of solar panel naturally provides weather protection. With the correct
choice of cover glazing layers or films in combination with the building integration
mounting system, solar panel can provide rain-proofing, wind-proofing, wind load
resistance and ageing resistance as well as offering residual structural integrity to the
building.
6. Sound insulation
• Solar panel can reflect or attenuate sound depending on their construction. For this
reason, they can also be used as sound protection elements.
• Integrated solar panels at facades or roof already possess sound insulating properties
because of their multi-layer structure. The solar panel design also can be adapted to meet
specific local requirements regarding sound insulation.
• The sound reduction index can be adjusted by increasing the thickness of the glazing and
by using asynchronous cover layers and specific intermediate layers.
APPLICATIONS

ROOF FACADES CANOPY

SKYLIGHT BALUSTRADE AWNINGS

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SOLAR SYSTEM
ACTIVE SOLAR SYSTEM PASSIVE SOLAR SYSTEM
Active solar systems use A passive solar system does
external sources of energy or not involve mechanical
uses conventional energy devices or the use of
sources to operate. conventional energy sources
to operate.

It usually requires expensive It’s usually cheaper than an

external equipment. active system.

Requires a lot of Requires little or almost no

maintenance. maintenance.
It’s efficiency depends on It’s efficiency depends on
the type of equipment used. the weather.

Active solar systems typically Passive solar heating uses a

work on mechanical system. phenomenon that happens
naturally.
Lots of moving parts-high No moving parts and works
failure rate. 24 hours per day.
Allows controlled and Less control in gathering and
efficient gathering and distribution of energy.
distribution of energy.
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING
1. ACTIVE SOLAR HEATING :
• Active solar heating systems use solar energy to heat a fluid either liquid or air and then
transfer the solar heat directly to the interior space or to a storage system for later use.
2. PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING :
• Passive solar heating systems uses specific building systems to help regulate internal
temperature by using the Sun’s energy selectively and beneficially in an attempt to
improve the energy efficiency.
TYPES OF PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING
1. DIRECT SOLAR GAIN :
• Direct gain is the simplest passive solar home design technique. Sunlight enters the house
through windows without interference and the heat collection, storage and distribution
all occur within the same space. When light reaches floors and walls, they absorb and
store the solar heat. At night, the stored heat energy warms the room through convection
and radiation.
2. INDIRECT SOLAR GAIN :
• Indirect gain is a technique by which thermal energy is stored in an area adjacent to the
living space. A thermal mass, such as a Trombe wall, absorbs the sun’s heat energy
through glazing and slowly releases it through convection and conduction. Compared
with direct gain, indirect gain experiences a time lag and potential heat losses at night.

DIRECT SOLAR GAIN INDIRECT SOLAR GAIN

TROMBE WALL
• In the daytime, Trombe walls facing the Sun
have sunlight incident upon them.
• The wall absorbs and stores the heat coming
from the direct solar radiation.
• Cool air from the building enters the air channel
between the wall and the glazing through a
vent that is present at the bottom of the wall.
• The cool air enters at the bottom, and is heated
by the heat stored in the concrete wall. As this
occurs, the warming air rises and is fed back
into the building through a vent present at the
top of the wall.
• Additionally, the wall itself heats the inside
room slowly by radiating its heat into the room.
• At night, a Trombe wall functions differently.
The vents at the top and bottom of the wall are
closed to ensure that the now cool air in the
channel between the glazing and the wall
doesn't re-enter the home. Heat absorbed by
the concrete wall is still able to maintain a
comfortably warm internal space overnight.
SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM
• Solar water heating (SWH) systems use energy from the sun to generate heat that can then be
used to heat water for domestic hot water needs, space heating, industrial processes, or pool
heating. They are a reliable and cost-effective technology that can help reduce utility bills for
homes and businesses.
• A typical solar water heating system can save up to 1400 units of electricity every year, for every
100 liters per day of solar water heating capacity. Solar water heating system consists of a solar
collector, a storage tank (kept at a height behind the collector), and connecting pipes. The
system is generally installed on the roof with the solar collector facing the sun and connected to
a continuous water supply. Water flows through the Collector becomes hot. The heated water is
stored in a tank for further use and stored water in the tank remains hot overnight as the
storage tank is fully insulated.
TYPES OF SOLAR WATER HEATING
SYSTEM
ACTIVE SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEMS :
• There are two types of active solar water heating systems:
1. Direct circulation systems :
Pumps circulate household water through the collectors and
in home. They work well in climates where it rarely freezes.
2. Indirect circulation systems :
Pumps circulate a non-freezing, heat-transfer fluid through
collectors and a heat exchanger. This heats the water that
then flows into the home. They are popular in climates prone
to freezing temperatures.
PASSIVE SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEMS :
• Passive solar water heating systems are typically less
expensive than active systems, but they're usually not as
efficient. There are two basic types of passive systems:
1. Integral collector-storage passive systems :
These consist of a storage tank covered with a transparent
material to allow the sun to heat the water. Water from tank
then flows into the plumbing system. These work best in
areas where temperatures rarely fall below freezing.
2. Thermosyphon systems :
Water is heated in a collector on the roof and then flows
through the plumbing system when a hot water faucet is
opened. Majority of these systems have 40 gallon capacity.
TYPES OF SOLAR WATER HEATING
COLLECTOR

FLAT PLATE COLLECTOR EVACUATED TUBE COLLECTOR

1. FPCs are the most popular type of 1. Evacuated tube collectors employ glass
collectors. tubes to absorb solar radiations.
2. They consist of a rectangular box that
is insulated. This box is covered by glass. 2. The core ideology behind this solar hot
water system is that vacuum is an effective
3. Just beneath the glass, there are a insulator.
series of interconnected copper pipes for
the water to flow through. 3. A tube called 3T has multiple layers and
vacuum is trapped in between them.
4. Since it is metallic, this system is more
durable. Its 4 in 1 Multifunction Valve 4. It is a unique valve designed and
makes it completely safe for domestic patented by racold to prevent long air
usage vents and encourage safe usage.

5. Collector efficiency on higher 5. Collector efficiency on higher

temperature is low. temperature is high
6. Slow heat generation 6. Quick heat generation
KEY COMPONENTS OF SOLAR
COLLECTORS
FLAT-PLATE, GLAZED SOLAR FLAT-PLATE, UNGLAZED SOLAR EVACUATED TUBE COLLECTORS
HOT WATER COLLECTOR. HOT WATER COLLECTOR.

• Glazed, flat-plate • Unglazed, flat-plate • Evacuated tube collectors,

collectors, for domestic collectors, typically for high-temperature or
water heating, consist of used for pool heating cold climate applications,
serpentine copper pipes applications, consist of consist of copper pipes,
encased in glass with serpentine polyvinyl usually surrounded by
black sunlight-absorbing chloride (PVC) pipes black sunlight absorber
material above the pipes surrounded by rubber plates, encased in an
and insulation below. A or plastic treated with evacuated glass tube.
metal frame holds these ultraviolet light Several tubes are
layers together and adds protection. connected to a manifold to
rigidity to the collector. create a complete
collector.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
OF SOLAR ENERGY
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

Renewable and pollution free. Needs lot of space.

Reduce electricity bills. High initial cost.

Less to no maintenance for years. No solar power at night and cloudy

days.

More solar energy in summer. Less solar energy in winter.

Diverse applications. DC equipment's are expensive.

Can be stored in battery. Expensive battery.

 AUTOMATIZED SERVICES

SUBMITTED BY – SONALI DUDGIKAR

 Automatized Services
Automation in construction refers to the use of machinery, software, and other
technologies to perform tasks that were previously done manually by workers.
One of the most significant benefits of automation in construction is increased
productivity.

What is Automation in Construction Industry?

The term construction automation captures the processes, tools, and equipment
that use automated workflows to build buildings and infrastructure.
Construction is one of the largest industries all over the world. The various
Reports states that the construction sector contributes to about 10% of the
economy of the country.
The construction industry has one of the largest market capitalization and
potential. Despite there are many construction firms which are struggling due to a
shortage of skilled workmanship and slow rate of the completion of the projects.
Construction automation plays a great role to improve the productivity and
performance of the industry.
Automation is defined as self-regulating with the use of computerized
machines to execute various tasks. It will help to increase and improve the
productivity and safety of the construction projects.
Automation in Technology is mainly concerned with the application of
innovative and computer-based systems to operate and control the overall
method of production.
There is a huge scope in the Construction Automation which consists of the
entire construction process. Automation in Construction Industry makes
appropriate use of machines, electronic devices, and computer software’s for
various construction works.
The primary need for automation in the construction industry is to increase
the speed of construction with maximum productivity and to protect humans
from safety and health hazards.
There are various problems which are associated with the
construction works such as the low quality of product and
shortage of skilled workers.
All the problems that are associated with construction sites can
be overcome by the implementation of automation in the
construction industry. It has tremendous potential to improve
the quality, safety, and productivity of the Construction
Industry.
 Where Are Use Automation in Construction Sector?
Automation in construction different areas used are as follows.
1. Automation and Robotics in Construction Sector and
Precast Concrete Industry
Automation and Robotics in the construction sector and
precast concrete Industry changes the whole procedure of
the construction Industry.
Precast concrete and Modular system take center stage in the
Construction Industry. Due to constant changes
in prefabrication and in situ construction, it is very necessary to
adapt digital planning and various innovative working methods
in the construction industry.
 2. Automation and Robotics in Prefabrication of Masonry and
On-Site Masonry Construction
The conventional method of prefabrication can be
made flexible and cheaper by using automation and robotics in
the prefabrication of masonry and on-site masonry
construction.
The highly complex megastructure can also be constructed with
incremental spot welding. The development of additive
manufacturing through the robot fabrication of incremental
point building in steel construction technology.

Automated Brick Masonry Laying Robot Partially Automated Masonry Element Prefabrication
 3. Automation and Robotics in Timber Construction
Automation and Robotics in timber construction integrate
advanced computational design. The innovation in timber
construction increasing day by day with digital fabrication tools
such as CNC machines having become well established in the
Timber industry.
Automation and Robotics in timber construction and advanced
robotic fabrication in Timber have shown great results in
the development of the manufacturing processes and
various construction systems.

Multifunctional Robotic Wooden Wall Unit

4. Automation and Robotics in Production of Steel Components
There is a huge advancement in construction technology
which shapes the design of the architecture from new digital
information workflows. There is the development of new
processes for using machines and materials with the help
of automation and robotics in the production of steel
components.
This development also affects the Steel construction industry.
the procedure of construction of Steel industries totally changed
with the advancement in technology and with the use of
automation and robotics in the construction of Steel
components.
 Automated Fire Safety Systems
• Buildings, 15m or more in height are considered as High Rise Buildings.

• All buildings are classified in group on the basis of their use or the
character of occupancy.
A fire alarm system is a set of
devices that detect and alert
people to the presence of
smoke, fire, carbon monoxide, or
other fire-related emergencies.
Fire alarms systems are required
in most commercial buildings
and are installed to protect life,
and property.
 WET RISER
• WET RISERS are used to supply water within
buildings for fire-fighting purposes. Wet
risers are permanently charged with water.
• A WET RISER PUMP draws water from wet riser
storage tank and two sets of pump, with landing
valves at specified locations on each floor.
• It should be supplied with power from
emergency generator.
• Wet riser (diameter 150mm)cum down comer
or only down comer system shall be provided
for residential building.
• For each 1000sq m floor area or it’s part one
riser shall be provided.
• Group A, high rise buildings should have the
riser mains of size 100mm as single outlet
landing valves.
Advantages of Automation in Construction Industry

• Automation in the construction industry will easily execute jobs which is very difficult
to be done with the help of laborers.
• It will help to conduct complex works at dangerous locations.
• The construction automation provides a uniform quality product with more
precision.
• Automation in the construction industry provides more precise and uniform quality
products.
• It improves safety of the workers and enhances the quality of the work.
• Automation gives higher output and increased productivity with less variability.
• Automation reduces the cost required for a project and increases the efficiency and
productivity of the project.
• Automation provides greater control and consistency and a safe working
environment.
 Applications of Automated Construction and Robotics
• Automation and robotics in construction sector and precast
concrete industry
• Automation and robotics in prefabrication of masonry and on
site masonry construction
• Automation and robotics in timber construction
• Automation and robotics in the production of steel
components
 Examples of Automation and Robotics in the Construction Industry
• There are various examples of automation and Robotics in the construction
industry which are as follows
• Use of Drones in the survey working areas all of the automated monitoring of work
sites without the need of active supervision. It will also allow construction
companies to conduct free project inspections and other important site monitoring
activities.
• The use of autonomous machines on the construction site is used to transport
materials across the worksite and to haul heavy items without posing a risk to
workers.
• The use of Robotics in concrete work is used to mix concrete and lay the cement
which allows construction companies to prepare precast and ready-mix concrete
products.
• Virtual Reality in the construction of all of the companies to plan for a project even
before they lay down a single brick. It simulates a realistic environment that allows
builders to analyze the various structures using a series of scanned images.
Smart & intelligent building
services

-PRAJAKTA SHINDE
Introduction
• What Is a Smart Building?
A smart building converges various building-wide systems—such as HVAC, lighting, alarms, and security—into a
single IT managed network infrastructure. It often uses foundational technology such as Power over Ethernet (PoE
) to accomplish this convergence.
• How does a smart building work?
A smart building uses its intelligence to collect actionable data from user devices, sensors, systems, and services
on the premises. Applying that data using artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) makes the building
both programmable and responsive to the needs of the users and the building manager.
The intelligence of the network also helps secure the network. For instance, the network can identify and segment
devices and learn their behavior, to improve detection of anomalies and intrusions.
• What's the role of PoE in a smart building?
As PoE evolved from 15W to 90W of power across Ethernet cabling, the numbers and types of devices that can be
powered and connected by PoE have grown dramatically. Using PoE to power devices also offers greater location
flexibility and lower cost to deploy and operate them than using AC power.
In a smart building, PoE can power devices such as sensors, lighting, HVAC systems, elevators, and fire alarms, as
well as USB-C laptops, TV and computer monitors, shades, refrigerators, and room air conditioners.
• What is a connected building, by contrast?
A connected building can generally be described as a building whose operations technology is connected to and
managed with the IT network. These actions often have occurred in silos, as various technologies doing various
tasks around the building have evolved at different rates.
What is the difference between smart and intelligent buildings?
• Smart buildings use technology to improve the efficiency of their systems. In contrast, intelligent buildings
use data and analytics to optimize performance. Smart buildings are usually equipped with energy
management systems that use sensors to track occupancy and adjust heating, cooling, and lighting based on
need
What are smart buildings used for?
• Smart buildings reduce energy costs through real-time adjustments of heating, cooling, lighting and other
systems based on changes in weather and building occupancy. Because they can be monitored and adjusted
remotely, smart facilities reduce carbon footprints while saving money in the process .
What are 2 advantages of smart building?
• A smart building aims to avoid wastage, creating a space that's more efficient, sustainable, and promotes
occupant wellbeing. Analyzing data collected from different sensors means facility managers can understand
more about their space and track asset performance, reduce energy usage, and optimize space utilization.
Reasons To Opt For Smart Technology
1. Comfort and convenience
2. Energy efficiency
3. Safety and security
4. Flexibility and customization
. Home management insights
Benefits of smart buildings
Lower operational costs A smart building can, for example, leverage data it collects to reduce use of electric
lighting by adjusting shades to let in more natural light. Such lighting management
has been proved to lower power usage dramatically. In turn, it can help buildings
become more energy-efficient to meet or exceed stringent regulations for
greenhouse-gas emissions.
Smart-building data can also support automated scheduling, from parking-space
allocation to workspace assignment to conference room reservation.

Lower energy costs Connecting lighting, shades, and HVAC systems, for instance, enables building
operators to automatically adjust temperature, shades, and lighting based on time
of day and occupancy.
Greater flexibility Smart-building data can be used, for example, to detect changes in occupancy
density. The building's HVAC systems then adjust airflow, humidity, and
temperature appropriately.
Or based on escalating density thresholds, lighting color could change to indicate
too many people in a conference room, workspace, or building.
 integrity. All tech components of a smart building are integrated. This allows humans to access building data in
real-time, which was collected by the technology across all channels. You also can check data records of
what happened some time ago. AI processes these data and involves machine learning to find the best
ways for optimization and energy efficiency.

Centralization. You manage the entire system from one control center. Doors, windows, appliances, irrigation, blinds,
and other smart building components are managed under one roof. It enables residents and property
owners to react properly to vulnerabilities or alerts. They save time and effort while managing their
property in a centralized hub.

Comfort. Data collected by smart building technology gives you more control over the processes that happen in
your spaces. No matter if you are present in the house or not, you can configure metrics and set up a
comfortable environment and healthy conditions for habitability.

Security. With a smart building solution, you control access to the system. Advanced security measures and
authentication devices give you maximum control over your house and protect it from third-party
entrance.

Sustainability. Preventing ineffective use of resources increases sustainability. You not only increase energy savings but
also help save the environment. If you add occupancy IoT sensors to heating systems, you can optimize
resource consumption and be more sustainable. Self-regulatory lighting systems can also adjust to
natural light conditions and apply the needed intensity reasonably.
Optimization. You can cut maintenance and energy costs by optimizing your heating, water, and lighting
expenses. Suppose that you want to turn off the heating once the temperature reaches 20
degrees. You go to bed and you don’t want to get up in the middle of the night to do it
manually. With smart house technology, you can set the timer for heating or set the command
that turns the heating off once the needed temperature is reached. This reduces your heating
expenses and prevents the core systems’ breakdown. Besides, smart technology allows for
space optimization. This plays a big role in commercial buildings and industrial use cases.

Predictivity. AI-powered algorithms have the self-learning ability. This enables the technology to learn from
historical data and provide you with insightful analytics. For example, AI can suggest when it’s
the best time to conduct a technology checkup or develop a maintenance job schedule for you.

Automation. Instead of configuring each device separately, you can access and control the system via your
smartphone or PC. You can automate such processes as turning the light on/off, ventilating the
room, getting notified when your food supplies are almost over, etc.

Risk If the technology detects patterns of abnormal use of assets, it notifies you. This prevents risks
prevention associated with this type of breakdown or faults. Keeping your space clean, restocking goods
timely, maintaining equipment and hardware in good condition, and more is possible with SB.
 Smart Building Concept: Main Classifications
When we talk about smart building technology, we can differentiate between the two main components of this market. This
includes:
• Smart building solutions. These are the specific solutions that fall into the smart building system. For instance, AI-powered
energy management solutions, security management apps, etc.
• Smart building services. This aspect relates to the actual implementation of smart solutions in buildings. Smart building
services may be different. They can include consulting services, agile full-cycle product development, integration of ready-
made software into a building, etc.
• Smart building solutions can be focused on the following areas:
• Infrastructure management. Managing infrastructure is subdivided into elevator & escalator, parking, smart water
management, and more.
• Security management. This includes the development of access control software and hardware, safety management
solutions, video surveillance systems, etc.
• Resource management. The implementation of energy management solutions grows rapidly because of environmental
reasons. The aspect includes lighting, heating, water supply, and all components included in HVAC systems.
Also, we may classify smart building systems based on their application.
• Residential smart technology. It’s applied to the residential type of buildings. The main reason for residential sector growth is
the raising need for safety and resident comfort. Another benefit of the residential application is smart maintenance that
increases efficiency.
• Commercial smart technology. This will be a dominant sector of the smart building market. Commercial application is
implemented by a commercial building owner. Their goal is to get significant cost savings in the long run.
• Industrial smart technology. This includes software and hardware for measuring pollution, electric meters, or routers. In
other words, it’s the application of smart technologies in the industrial sphere, manufacturing, and professional service sector.
 4 Components of Smart Building Technology

IoT IoT stands for Internet of Things. It has a lot to do with the smart world concept. To be more precise, it forms the ground for a smart
building to exist. IoT is a network of physical devices that are connected via the Internet. No matter if these devices work with
wireless technologies or wired ones. Their goal is to connect with other devices, actuators, as well as sensors via APIs and comprise
a system. In such a system, the information from one device is automatically shared with the rest of the devices. It’s updated in real-
time across the software network. IoT sensors and devices collect data such as air quality metrics, number of visitors, number of cars
in parking, etc.

2. Connectivity This is what allows for data exchange in real-time. As you may guess, cross-device communication is possible due to the Internet. It
serves as a connector of all smart building components. We may use both WiFi and cellular connections for this purpose.

3. AI solution AI is like a brain of a smart building. Thanks to AI algorithms, people see not the machine code on their screen — but the interpreted
results of data processing. The function of AI technology is to analyze the data collected from IoT devices and sensors and interpret
it. IoT devices collect big volumes of structured and unstructured data. The goal of AI is to extract value from this data before
humans access it.

This is artificial intelligence that notifies us if the temperature or air humidity in a room is too high. It’s also AI that reminds us of
scheduled repairs or upcoming maintenance and informs us if there’s no free parking place.

4. Center of control The center of control is responsible for data monitoring. This is an integrated and connected software system with a clear User
Interface. A control center allows people to manage and control data in a centralized hub. Usually, a PC or a mobile phone is used to
access systems and keep track of what’s happening inside a building.
Apart from the main components, smart building apps
may be integrated with the following technology.
• Management and automation systems
These are systems like BIM (building information modeling), BMS (building management system), or BAS (building
automation system). The goal of such systems is to unite the work of machines and humans and facilitate or
automate building management. Information lies at the core of building automation systems. Management and
automation systems ease the interaction between technology and people. They make it super convenient for the
former to keep track of all processes.
• VR/AR
Many people think of AR and VR as the technology applied in gaming. But this is not the only application possible.
AR and VR can be used for more practical purposes. For example, designers use AR technology to model the room
design before it undergoes refurbishing. A resident puts AR glasses on and can choose between different
remodeling and reconstruction options. Also, this technology is used in smart buildings to visualize what a house
will look like when it’s constructed. Such a visualization helps property sales managers encourage clients to
purchase the property. They also can adjust the spaces to client needs.
• Drones
As in the case of VR/AR, drones are used not only for entertainment purposes. We all know that drones are the
perfect tools for making panoramic shots and videos. But in practice, drones can assist in smart building
management as well. Drones can take responsibility for the effort-consuming jobs and free time for more
important tasks. For example, they are used for monitoring the construction progress, product availability, security
control, etc. If the areas are not freely accessible to humans, they can delegate their jobs to a machine and enable
remote control.
 Smart Building Technology
Challenges
When dealing with a smart building app or solution, you need to build a robust risk management plan. It
should consider the following aspects:

• Cyber-attacks- In the smart building concept, intelligent technology is connected to each

device and each piece of software. The sensitive information is shared across channels.
This increases the risks of a data breach if a penetrator manages to hack the technology.
Do not neglect the essential security measures to protect your data and your software.

• Costs- the building of smart houses is far more costly than conventional ones. But the
future belongs to those who use technology to increase convenience and efficiency.
Smart building technology is what can help you reach these goals and simplify building
management. The smart house market grows steadily. And sooner or later, property
owners and managers will have to adjust to the raising resident demands and modernize
building operations.
https://forbytes.com/blog/what-is-smart-building-technology/
Smart Building Use Cases
Here are the most common smart building applications.

Offices Offices are the places where a big number of people • Smart corporate-level
operate daily. Inefficient use of resources by dozens of management.
employees has a significant impact on the vendor’s • Parking space management.
budget. It also blocks the company’s prospects for • Employee authorization
sustainable growth. This is why offices are the most management.
common use case of smart building solutions. The • Optimization of lighting,
intelligent building systems are connected with IoT sensors heating, and water supply in
and software. Altogether, they enable companies to cut crowded/empty areas.
operation costs, reduce waste, and manage spaces • Adjusting air conditions to the
effectively. Here are some of the functions smart building season and employee
companies ensure: preferences.
• Notification of leakage and
security breach attempts, fire
alarms.
• Video surveillance in public
spaces, and more.
Hospitals Smart technology • Smart terminals. Smart technology can be an all-in-one solution for
penetrates the healthcare bedside communication in hospitals. The piece of software with an
industry. Modern hospitals intuitive user interface is attached to the patient’s bed. Patients use it
implement AI-powered in many ways. They can manage their stay in a hospital, get in touch
diagnostics, with staff, send alerts, use entertainment and educational resources,
healthcare big data, and etc.
tech-based patient care • Operation management. Sensors automate checking the conditions
practices. Building a smart before surgery or other procedures. They also enable condition
hospital system can unify optimization.
all these aspects and bring • Chamber management for patients. They can use an app to manage
digital and physical facility conditions like air temperature, humidity, etc.
ecosystems together. • Laboratory management. Sensors and devices control the air quality
Smart technology helps and other metrics to make sure that samples are stored appropriately.
with the following: Also, there can be smart access management, which will contribute to
robust security.
• Recovery enhancement. Smart devices and IoT sensors can be used to
adjust the conditions according to the recovery goals. For instance, a
patient had surgery and they are recommended to have a 5-minute
walk daily. If sensors don’t detect movement throughout the day, the
technology can remind patients of the therapeutic goals set.
Data Centers Data centers equipped with the latest technology can • Uninterrupted power supply,
transform data management. Smart building data which does not depend on the
centers enable intelligent data monitoring and general power grid and
visualization. You may integrate the following functions: eliminates the risks of data
damage or loss.
• Activation of protective
measures. These can be smoke
detector sensors and automated
processes like risk management,
ID verification, biometric
authorization, etc

Life Science Advanced inventions and discoveries require advanced • Airflow management and control.
Facilities research. Smart building technology can facilitate this • Laboratory conditions
process. It creates the best conditions for opening new management.
things. This includes: • Intellectual property protection.
• Fire detection.
• Security risk detection.
 What opportunities can smart building technology provide?

• Detect occupancy to manage energy consumption

The installed smart occupancy sensors and Internet of Things (IoT) applications can effortlessly trace the concurrent footfall
and optimize energy usage accordingly.
It is the priority concern of businesses and enables administrators to monitor resources and maximize space utilization.
• Optimize air and temperature quality
Smart building technology can offer a trusted, healthy, and safe environment by constantly tracking air conditioning and
humidity.
Its integrated temperature programming balances cooling and heating systems to automate energy usage corresponding to
real-time footfall.
The centralized Chiller Plants optimize the cooling of the entire building and minimize fuel consumption using live weather
information.
Embedded weather monitoring stations on the exterior measure atmospheric conditions, improve air quality, remove
pollutants, and maintains the temperature and ventilation system.
• Control electric loads to prevent power breakdown
The smart-direct load control and automated load-shedding seamlessly manage power distribution. This, in turn, helps
administrators to prioritize and sort electrical loads following the current occupancy in the building.
This centralized and innovative architecture saves energy costs and conserves power during peak operating hours.
• Manage water supply system
Internet of Things (IoT) tools and technologies in smart buildings effectively manage the sustainable water supply. The
robust smart water devices integrated with BMS generate tamper-proof insights, highlighting water utilization at
current locations.
The transparent and intelligent monitoring system proactively detects leakage, upkeeps quality, and recycles water
resources.
• End-to-end remote maintenance reducing on-site costs
Smart building technology offers remote preservation that directly reduces on-site high maintenance costs. Because it
implements quick Over-the-Air (OTA) updates which save stakeholders (or consumers) time to a great extent.
The best part is: the maintenance process keeps internal real-time communication and data flow intact.
• The bottom line
Integrating this smart technology into your existing infrastructure can expedite productivity 360-degree. Above all, it
exponentially augments occupancy capabilities with smooth functioning, high security, and ease of comfort.
What’s surprising is: the high-tech stack involved in smart building technology seems to be super expensive. However,
it is economical, energy-efficient, and scalable. Also, you can get it personalized as per your specifications.
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