PLASTIC MATERIALS

PLASTIC MATERIALS

Basic material of all Plastics is HYDRO CARBON(CH)

 PLASTIC MATERIALS
Two types of plastics are Thermo plastic
and Thermo set plastics
• THERMOPLASTICS are either AMORPHOUS or
CRYSTALLINE in structure
• They form a Linear or Branched Molecular
Chain
• Formulated by Addition Polymerization
• Available in Granules of Ø3x4mm
• Undergoes Physical change only, on Heating
• Recyclable
 POLYME
R
MOLECULAR
CHAIN (LINEAR)

MOLECULAR
CHAIN
(BRANCHED
)
 CROSS LINKED
POLYMERS

WEAKLY CROSS LINKED eg. RUBBER

 AMORPHOUS THERMO
PLASTICS

Eg. PolyStyrene,
Molecul
PolyCarbonate,
es
PolyMethaMethacry
Randoml
late
y
CelluloseAcetate,
arrange
AcrylonitryleButadi
d
ne Styrene,PVC

They are having molecules going

in all different directions and
normally transparent. They will
undergo small volumetric change
when processing. They are
tougher and more flexible.
 SEMI-CRYSTALLINE eg.
AMORPHOUS PLASTICS Polypropylene
(Random) Polyethylene
PolyAmide, Poly
Oxy Methylene,

CRYSTALLIN
E
(Orderly)
Since commercially perfect crystalline
polymers are not produced they are identified
technically as semi- crystalline thermoplastics.
A crystalline area is stiffer and stronger. It is
difficult to process crystalline materials due to
high melt temperature,melt viscosity &
shrinkage.
 PLASTIC MATERIALS

By adding different modifiers,additives,fillers and

Reinforcements many formulationsof Plastics are
derived (Approx.40,000)
Classification of Thermo Plastics:-
1.Commodity Plastics eg.PE,PS,PP,PVC
2.Engineering Plastics eg.ABS,PA,PC,POM, (has
to work under constant loaded condition over
long period of life)
3.Speciality Plastics eg.Liquid Crystral Polymer,
( even in the liquid state structure
is Crystalline) Super Nylon,
PEEK
 THERMOSETS
• Formulated by Condensation Polymerization.
• Available in Fine Powder form.
• A compound partially polymerized.
• Undergoes irreversable chemical change by
application of HEAT & PRESSURE.
• Tightly Cross linked between molecules by the
Reactive portion of Compound.
• Not reusable or recyclable.
• Difficult to dispose off.
CROSS LINKED
POLYMERS

Chain

CROSS
LINK

DENSLY CROSS
LINKED eg.
 THERMOSET PLASTICS

• Cross-linked
• Giant macromolecule
• Structurally set
• Shape cannot be altered once moulded
• Forms a Hard, Dense and
Polished Shiny
molded component.
• Brittle, Highly Heat & Electrical
Resistant
• Has a Shelf life.
• Eg. Phenol Formaldehyde
Melamine Formaldehyde
Urea Formaldehyde
Alkyds, Diallys, Polyurethane,
Silicones,
Unsaturated Polyesters.
• Thermosets are normally moulded by
1. Compression moulding.
2. Transfer moulding
A 1.Less weight
D
V 2.Ease of fabrication
A
N 3.Properties can be Customized
T
A 4.Thermal insulation
G
E 5.Electrical insulation
S
6.Corrosion resistant
O 7.Available in Opaque to
F
Transparent
P 8.Low Coefficient of Friction
L
A 9.Suitable for High Volume
S production
T
I 10.Self Lubrication
C
S 11.Less Costly
D
I 1.Difficult to develop Product
S
A 2.Unpredictable Shrinkage
D
V 3.Flammable
A
N 4.Poor Weather ability
T
A 5.Failure in Creep and Stress
G Relaxation
E
S 6.Environmentally unfriendly
O
F
7.High Coefficient of Thermal
P Expansion
L
A 8.Enbrittlement at Low
S Temperatures
I
C 9. High Moisture Absorption
S
 PROPERTIES OF THERMOPLASTICS

Poly Carbonate -- PC

Poly Acetal -- POM

PVC --- rigid/ flexible
T.plastic

Polypropylene PP
Material

Cellulose Acetate

HDPE ---- LDPE

PMMA/ Acrylic

Polystyrene PS

SAN
NYLON / PA

ABS
Property
1.2
0.95
Density, gm/cc 1.2 1.1 1.4
1.15 1.05 1.05 0.92 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.08
0.3 1.0 0.1
0.2 0.2 0.3 1.5 1.5 0.5 2.5 0.5

ABS
Shrinkage,% 0.7 2.5 0.7
0.8 0.6 0.8 3.0 2.5 0.7
1.8 1.9
Bulk Factor 2.4 2.05 2.3 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.3 1.95 1.75 1.9 2.15
Injection- 560 700 1090 700 700 420 560 700 1050 700 750
Press. Kg/cm2 2240 1750 2000 2100 2100 2100 1400 1400 1400 1400 1000
Coefficient of 0.25
Friction(steel) 0.5 0.4 0.55 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.33 0.55 0.25 0.5
Typical 4.0 1.5 3.0 7.5 3.0 4.0 1.5 4.0 4.0 3.0
Runnerdia.mm to 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Max. flow path 130 200 225 250
Length : Thk. 100 150 100 150 250 175 250 275 100 140 140
Total Heat 103 38 170 65
Cal/ gm (Q) 63 156 56 72 57 72 190 130 84 110 85
Specific Heat 0.25 0.3
Cp 0.35 0.4 0.4 0.35 0.32 0.38 0.55 0.46 0.3 0.35 0.4
Melting point 170 128 160 120 150 200 274 175 240
Temp. 0C 250 250 160 160 300 300 300 280 316 250 270
Softening point 200 86
Temp. 0C 95 220 82 90 90 85 125 150 165 175 94
Mould 40 70 30 40 80 65 30
Temperature0C 80 100 70 70 30 50 70 60 100 100 80
Heat Distortion 60 60
Temp. 0C 70 160 70 86 90 98 90 120 140 140 90
Thermal 3.4 1.5
Conductivity 4.8 6.0 4.0 4.5 2.0 6.0 8.0 3.3 5.3 5.5
(λp) --(10-4)
Cal/cm.sec. 0C
Thermal 0.7 1.17
Diffusivity(10-3) 1.04 1.01 1.16 1.09 0.6 1.7 1.57 0.65 1.47 0.7 0.81
Cm2/ sec. 0C
WaterAbsorption 2.0 1.5 0.1 0.1 0.05
% wt. 6.0 10.0 1.2 0.5 2.0 1.0 0.01 0.03 --- 0.2
Structure
A --- or C A C A A A A C C A C A
 Answer the following Questions:--

1. What is the Basic material from which Plastics are derived?

2. What is the form of Plastic material during manufacturing stage?
3. Generally plastics are __________ but they can be made Rigid.
4. Plastic parts are moulded by application of _________& _________
5. Plastics are generally ___________ but can be made a conductor of electricity.
6. Thermo plastics are either _________ or ____________ by structure
7. Molecules are arranged Randomly in ________ Thermoplastic
8. Molecules are arranged Orderly in ________ Thermoplastic
9. Thermoplastics are formulated by ______ polymerization(Addition/condensation)
10. T.Plastics are not Recyclable. ( True/ False)
11. Materials that are Transparent belong to__________ T. plastic group
12. _________ is a T.plastic which shrinks less.
13. Bumper of Car is made of _________ T.plastic which is Tough
14. Which type of T.plastic has high Viscosity, Shrinkage and melt temperature?
15. Example for Commodity T.plastic is __________
16. Example for Engineering T.plastic is ___________
17. Engineering plastics are expected to perform consistently in fully loaded condition
over long period of time. ( True / False)
18. Thermo sets are formulated by _________ polymerization (Addition/condensation)
19. T.sets undergo __________ change during processing.(Physical/Chemical)
20. T.sets are reusable ( True / False)
21. Molecules in T. set are _________ cross linked ( Lightly, Loosely)
22.Examples of T. set materials are _______ , _______ , _________
23.T. sets have High __________ and ___________ resistance
24.T. sets have short __________ life , (i.e.. Expiry date)
25.T. set components are normally produced by _____________ and
_________ moulding process
26.What are the advantage properties of plastic over metal’s?
27.What are the disadvantage properties of plastic over metal’s?
28. _________ Plastics are difficult to dispose off. ( T.plastic, T.set, Amorphous,
Semi crystalline)
29.T. set material is available in _________ form (Granule, Powder,DMC, SMC)
30.Thermoplastic plastic which can float on water is _____________