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Control structures in C Programming by TK

The document outlines control structures in programming, emphasizing their role in improving code accuracy and maintainability. It describes three basic types: sequence structures, selection structures (like if and switch statements), and loop structures (for, while, do-while). Additionally, it covers jump statements such as break and continue, which alter the flow of execution within loops and conditional structures.

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Tatenda Koki
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4 views13 pages

Control structures in C Programming by TK

The document outlines control structures in programming, emphasizing their role in improving code accuracy and maintainability. It describes three basic types: sequence structures, selection structures (like if and switch statements), and loop structures (for, while, do-while). Additionally, it covers jump statements such as break and continue, which alter the flow of execution within loops and conditional structures.

Uploaded by

Tatenda Koki
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Control Structures

 Improve accuracy and results in error resistant and


maintainable code.
 They also control the execution of a program.
 There are 3 basic control structures
 Sequence Structure (straight)
 Selection structure (branching){If, if…else, switch
statements }
 Loop structure (iteration and repetition){For, while, do-
while statements}
• jump (break, goto, return, continue) statements
Monday, June 9, 2025 By Mr C . ZANO
If..statement

true
condition? statement

false

Monday, June 9, 2025 By Mr C . ZANO


Selection or Conditional Structures

 Improve accuracy and results in error resistant and


maintainable code.
 They also control the execution of a program.
 There are 3 basic control structures
 Sequence Structure (straight)
 Selection structure (branching){If, if…else, switch
statements }
 Loop structure (iteration and repetition){For, while, do-
while statements}
• jump (break, goto, return, continue) statements
Monday, June 9, 2025 By Mr C . ZANO
If …else statement

true false
condition?

statement-1 statement-2

Monday, June 9, 2025 By Mr C . ZANO


Switch …case statement

switch
Test variable for multiple values
Series of case labels and optional default case
switch ( variable ) {
case value1: // taken if variable == value1
statements
break; // necessary to exit switch

case value2:
case value3: // taken if variable == value2
or == value3
statements
break;

default: // taken if variable matches no


other cases
statements
break;
}

Monday, June 9, 2025 By Mr C . ZANO


Switch …case statement

true
case a case a action(s) break

false

true
case b case b action(s) break

false

.
.
.

true
case z case z action(s) break

false

default action(s)

Monday, June 9, 2025 By Mr C . ZANO


Loop Structures

 These can be implemented using a for statement, while


and do …..while loop.

true
condition? statement

false

Monday, June 9, 2025 By Mr C . ZANO


The for …statement

 This is an entry controlled loop and is used


when one action is to be repeated for a
predetermined number of times.
 Syntax
 for (initial value; test condition; increment)
{
Action 1;
}
Action 2;
Monday, June 9, 2025 By Mr C . ZANO
The while …statement

 This is also an entry controlled loop structure used


when one action is to be repeated for a predetermined
number of times.
 Syntax
 while (condition )
{
Action 1;
}
Action 2;
– Action1 will be executed as long as the condition is true, the
control moves to the execution of action2.
Monday, June 9, 2025 By Mr C . ZANO
The do..while …statement

 This is an exit controlled loop structure used based on condition.


 Control is transferred back to a particular point in the program.
 Syntax
 do
 {
 statement
Action1;
 Action2;
 }
 while (condition ); true
condition
 Action 3;
false

 The statement is executed at least once.

Monday, June 9, 2025 By Mr C . ZANO


The break and continue Statements

• Break
– Causes immediate exit from a while, for,
do/while or switch structure
– Program execution continues with the first
statement after the structure
– Common uses of the break statement:
• Escape early from a loop
• Skip the remainder of a switch structure

Monday, June 9, 2025 By Mr C . ZANO


The break and continue Statements

• Continue
– Skips the remaining statements in the body of a while,
for or do/while structure and proceeds with the next
iteration of the loop
– In while and do/while, the loop-continuation test is
evaluated immediately after the continue statement is
executed
– In the for structure, the increment expression is
executed, then the loop-continuation test is evaluated

Monday, June 9, 2025 By Mr C . ZANO


The break and continue Statements

• Causes an immediate jump to the loop test


int next = 0;
while (true){
scanf(“%d”,&next;
if (next < 0)
break;
if (next % 2) //odd number, don’t print
continue;
printf(next,”\n”);
}
printf(“negative num so here we are! \n” );

Monday, June 9, 2025 By Mr C . ZANO

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