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Unit 5

The document discusses advanced topics in distributed databases, including their architecture, data storage, and object database concepts. It covers the differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous distributed databases, as well as object-relational features and the ODMG object model. Additionally, it addresses XML hierarchical models, XML schemas, and information retrieval concepts, including various query types and retrieval models.

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5 views17 pages

Unit 5

The document discusses advanced topics in distributed databases, including their architecture, data storage, and object database concepts. It covers the differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous distributed databases, as well as object-relational features and the ODMG object model. Additionally, it addresses XML hierarchical models, XML schemas, and information retrieval concepts, including various query types and retrieval models.

Uploaded by

priyadharshinimecse
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ADVANCED TOPICS

DISTRIBUTED DATABASE

• Distributed database Is a collection of multiple , logically


interrelated the databases distributed over a computer
network
• A distributed database management system is the software
that manages the distributed database and provides an
access mechanism that makes this distribution transparent to
the users
• There are two types of DDB they are homogeneous and
heterogeneous distributed database
ARCHITECTURE
• A Distributed database system allows application To access
data from local and remote databases
• In homogeneous distributed database system each database
is an Oracle database
• In a heterogeneous distributed database at least one of the
databases is not an Oracle database
• Distributed database use a client or server architecture to
process information request
DATA STORAGE

• Data storage is a general form for archiving data in


electomagmetric or other forms for use in a computer
• In distributed database data are stored in more than one
nodes often in a replicated fashion
OBJECT DATABASE CONCEPTS

• There is certain set of basic concepts supported by each


object database system.
• They are identity, encapsulation,classes and instantiation ,
inheritance and overloading, overriding and late binding
• Object and identity- each real world identity is represented by
an object.When it comes to identity each object in database
is defined by unique identifier
• Encapsulation-it was created for making clear distinction
between the specification and the implementation of an
operation and in this way enabling modularity.
• Classes and instantiation-a class is used to describe a set of
objects that share the same behaviour.instantiation is used to
generate a set on objects that share the same structure and
behaviour
• Inheritance-it makes it possible to define a class as an
subclass of an already existing one
OBJECT RELATIONAL FEATURES

• An object relational database or object relational database


management system is a database similar to relational
database but with object oriented database model
• Object,classes and inheritance are directly supported in
database schemas and in query language
• In addition just as pure relational systems it supports
extension of data model with custom data types and
methods
ODMG OBJECT MODEL

• The ODMG object model is the data model upon which the
object definition language and object query language are
based
• It is meant to provide a standard data model for object
data bases, just as SQL describes a standard data model
for relational data bases.
• It also provides a standard terminology in a field where the
same terms were sometimes used to describe different
concepts
OBJECT DEFINITION LANGUAGE (ODL)

• It is design language derived from the CO community


• Can be used like E/R as a preliminary design for a relational
database
• Class declstion interface<name>{elements=attributes,
relationship,methods}
• Element declaration-attribute<type><name>,
relationship<rangetype><name>
OBJECT QUERY LANGUAGE (OQL)

• It is a declarative query language


• Not computationally complete
• Syntax based on SQL (select ,from,where)
• Additional flexibility (queries with user defined operators and
types)
XML HIERARCHICAL MODEL

• Main structuring concepts used to construct a XML document


are elements and attributes
• They are simple element and complex element
• Three main XML documents are data centric, document
centric and hybrid XML document
XML SCHEMA

• XML schema is used to describe and validate the structure


and content of XML data
• XML schema defines the elements, attributes and data types
• Schema element support namespaces
• It is similar to a database schema that describes the data in a
database
XQUERY INFORMATION RETRIEVAL

• Simple query:composed of two or more keywords

• Boolean queries: neutral network AND speech recognition

• Context queries: proximity search,phase queries


IR CONCEPTS

• The term industrial relations comprises of two terms industry


and relations
• Industry refers to any productive activity in which an
individual is engaged
• By relations we mean the relationship that exist between the
employer and work men
• Industrial relations are the relationship between employer
and employee within the organisational settings
RETRIEVAL MODEL

• Models that have been developed to retrieve information


• Types:
1. Boolean model: Documents are retrieved only if they satisfy
Boolean condition
2. Vector space method:based on geometry the notation of
vectors in high dimensional space
QUERIES IN IR SYSTEM

• An information retrieval system begins when a user enters a


query
• Types of queries
1. Keyword queries: simplest and more commonly
used.keyword terms implicitly connected by logical AND
2. Boolean queries: allow use of AND,OR,NOT and other
operators.exact matches returned
Thank you

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