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Chapter 1 - Functions

Chapter 1 covers the concept of functions, defining them as relations where each domain element corresponds to one range value. It explains various representations of functions including ordered pairs, tables, diagrams, graphs, and equations, as well as methods for evaluating and performing operations on functions. Additionally, the chapter introduces function composition, demonstrating how to combine functions to create new ones.

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6 views

Chapter 1 - Functions

Chapter 1 covers the concept of functions, defining them as relations where each domain element corresponds to one range value. It explains various representations of functions including ordered pairs, tables, diagrams, graphs, and equations, as well as methods for evaluating and performing operations on functions. Additionally, the chapter introduces function composition, demonstrating how to combine functions to create new ones.

Uploaded by

ivan.aguila
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1

Functions
Functions as
Models
Relation - is a rule
that relates values
from a set of values
(domain) to a second
set of values (range).
Function - is a
relation where each
element in the domain
is related to only one
value in the range.
The function as
a Machine
(A,5) (B,9) (C,9) (E,5) (O,5) (G,9)
3

(2,6) (1,3) (6,18) (7,21) (3,9) (9,27)


A Function can also
be illustrated as
1. Ordered Pairs
2. Table of Values
3. Diagram
4. Graph
5. Equation
Function as
ORDERED
PAIRS
Determine if the given ordered pair is a
function or not a function
Function

Function

Not a
Function
Not a
Function
Function as
TABLE OF
VALUES
Determine if the given TABLE OF VALUES is a
function or not a function

Function

Function

Not a Function
Function as a
DIAGRAM
Determine if the given ARROW DIAGRAM is a
function or not a function

Function

Not a Function

Function
Function as a
GRAPH
Vertical line test

A graph of a relation is a
function if any vertical line
drawn passing through the
graph intersects it at exactly
one point.
Function Function

Not a Function Not a Function


Function as
an EQUATION
Determine if the given EQUATION is a function or
not a function

1. y = 2x + 1 Function

2. y = x – 2x + 2
2 Function

3. x + y = 1
2 2 Not a
Function
4. y = Function
Evaluating a
Function
Evaluating a Function
means replacing the
variable in the function with
a value from the functions
domain and computing for
the result.
I can do this
1. Given f(x) = 2x – 9.
What is f(2)?
a. -5
b. 5
c. 13
d. -13
2. Given g(x) = 3x +
4. What is g(-3)?
a. -5
b. 5
c. 13
d. -13
3. Given h(x) = -5x -
10. What is h(5)?
a. -35
b. 35
c. 15
d. -15
4. Given m(x) = x - 1.
2

What is m(-2)?
a. 5
b. -3
c. 3
d. -5
5. Given r(x) = 2x +
2

11. What is r(3)?


a. 47
b. 19
c. 23
d. 29
6. Given f(x) = x + x
2

+11. What is f(2)?


a. 7
b. 17
c. 19
d. 15
7. Given g(x) = x +
2

3x + 5. What is g(2)?
a. 12
b. 13
c. 15
d. 25
8. Given h(x) = x +
2

3x + 5. What is h(-2)?
a. -5
b. 3
c. 15
d. 4
9. Given p(x) = . What
is p(7)?
a. 5
b. 6
c. 7
d. 8
10.Given q(x) = . What
is q(4)?
a. 0
b. 4
c. 8
d. No Answer
Example 1 given f(x) = 2x – 4,
find the value of the function at x
= 3.
Solution
f(x) = 2x – 4
f(3) = 2(3) – 4
f(3) = 6 – 4
f(3) = 2
Example 2 given g(x) = 3x2 + 7,
find the value of the function at x
= -3.
Solution
g(x) = 3x2 + 7
g(-3) = 3(-3)2 + 7
g(-3) = 3(9) + 7
g(-3) = 27 + 7
g(-3) = 34
Example 3 given p(x) = 3x2 + 5x
– 2, find p(0) and p(-1).
Solution for p(0)
p(x) = 3x2 + 5x – 2
p(0) = 3(0)2 + 5(0) – 2
p(0) = 0 + 0 – 2
p(0) = -2
Example 3 given p(x) = 3x2 + 5x
– 2, find p(0) and p(-1).
Solution for p(-1)
p(x) = 3x2 + 5x – 2
p(-1) = 3(-1)2 + 5(-1) – 2
p(-1) = 3 - 5 – 2
p(-1) = -4
Evaluate each at x = 3
1. f(x) = 2x + 1
2. g(x) = 3x – 2
3. h(x) = x2 + 2x – 4
4. d(x) = 2x2 – 3x + 10
5. r(x) =
Evaluate each function

1. f(x) = 2x + 1 find
f(4)
2. g(x) = 3x – 2 find g(-
2)
3. h(x) = x2 + 2x – 4 find
h(2)
4. d(x) = 2x2 – 3x + 10
find d(3)
Operations on
functions
Below is the representation of two
functions represented by a piggy bank
Definition. Let f and g be
functions.
1. Their sum, denoted by f + g, is the function
denoted by (f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x).
2. Their difference, denoted by f - g, is the
function denoted by (f - g)(x) = f(x) - g(x).
3. Their product, denoted by f • g, is the function
denoted by (f • g)(x) = f(x) • g(x).
4. Their quotient, denoted by f/g, is the function
denoted by(f/g)(x) = f(x)/g(x)
Perform the following operations

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 5
Given the functions:

𝑔 (𝑥 ) = 2 𝑥 − 1
ℎ(𝑥) = 2𝑥2 + 9𝑥 − 5

A. (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) D. ( ℎ / 𝑔 )
Solve following :

(𝑥)
B. (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) E. (𝑓 + 𝑔)(3)
C. (𝑓 • 𝑔)(𝑥)
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 5
𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 1
 Given:
a. (f + g)(x)
ℎ(𝑥) = 2𝑥2 + 9𝑥 − 5
Solution

a. (f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x)


(f + g)(x) = (x + 5) + (2x – 1)
(f + g)(x) = x + 5 + 2x – 1
(f + g)(x) = 3x + 4
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 5
𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 1
 Given:
b. (f - g)(x)
ℎ(𝑥) = 2𝑥2 + 9𝑥 − 5
Solution

b. (f - g)(x) = f(x) - g(x)


(f - g)(x) = (x + 5) - (2x – 1)
(f - g)(x) = x + 5 - 2x + 1
(f - g)(x) = -x + 6
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 5
𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 1
 Given:
c. (f • g)(x)
ℎ(𝑥) = 2𝑥2 + 9𝑥 − 5
Solution

c. (f • g)(x) = f(x) • g(x)


(f • g)(x) = (x + 5) • (2x – 1)
(f • g)(x) = 2x2 - x + 10x - 5
(f • g)(x) = 2x2 + 9x - 5
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 5
𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 1
 Given:
d. ()(x)
ℎ(𝑥) = 2𝑥2 + 9𝑥 − 5
Solution

d. ()(x) =
()(x) =
()(x) =
()(x) = x + 5
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 5
𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 1
 Given:
e. (f + g)(3)
ℎ(𝑥) = 2𝑥2 + 9𝑥 − 5
Solution

e. (f + g)(3) = f(3) + g(3)


(f + g)(3) = (3 + 5) + (2(3) – 1)
(f + g)(3) = (8) + (6 – 1)
(f + g)(3) = 8 + 5
(f + g)(3) = 13
Perform the following operations

𝑎(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2 𝑏(𝑥) = 5𝑥 − 3
Given:

𝑐(𝑥) = x2 + 3x + 2 𝑑(𝑥) =

1.(𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑥) 4. ( ) (𝑥)


2.(𝑎 • 𝑏)(𝑥) 5. (𝑎 + 𝑏)(−1)
3. (b − a)(𝑥) 6. (c + d)(4)
Composition
of Functions
a function is substituted to
all variables in another
Compositi function, you are
on of performing a composition
functions:
of functions to create
another function. Some
authors call this operation
as “function of functions”.
Definition:
Let f and g be functions. The composite
function, denoted by (f o g), is defined by
(f o g)(x) = f(g(x))
The process of obtaining a composite function
is called function composition.
Example 1
If f(x) = 2x - 3 and h(x) = x + 5,
find:
a. (f o h)(x).
b. (h o f)(x).
c. (h o f)(3).
Example 2
If f(x) = x + 5x + 6 and h(x) = x + 2,
2

find:
a. (f o h)(x).
b. (f o h)(4).
Solution

f(x) = x2 + 5x + 6 and h(x) = x + 2,


find a. (f o h)(x)
a. (f ο h)(x) = f(h(x))
= f(x+2)
Since f(x) = x2 + 5x + 6
f(x+2) = (x+2)2 + 5(x+2) + 6
= x2 + 4x + 4 + 5x + 10 + 6
= x2 + 9x + 20
Soluti
on
Example 2 if f(x) = x2 + 5x + 6 and h(x) = x + 2,
find b. (f o h)(4).
(f ο h)(4) = (f (h(4)).
Step 1 : Evaluate h(4) Step 2 : Evaluate f(6)
h(x) = x + 2 f(x) = x2 + 5x + 6
h(4) = 4 + 2
f(6) = (6)2 + 5(6) + 6
h(4) = 6
f(6) = 36 + 30 + 6
f(6) = 72
Solve the following compositions
1. If f(x) = 3x – 12 and g(x) = 2x – 7,
find (f ο g)(x).
2. If f(x) = x2 + 9 and g(x) = 3x + 6,
find (g ο f)(x).
3. If h(x) = 2x – 12 and c(x) = x + 6,
find (c ο h)(4).
4. If d(x) = 2x – 12 and w(x) = 3x + 6,
find (w ο d)(x).
5. If k(x) = 2x + 7 and z(x) = 4x2 + 1,
find (k ο z)(0).

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