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Lesson 1-IPO Cycle

The document explains the components of a computer system, including input, output, and storage devices, as well as the distinction between hardware and software. It introduces the Input-Process-Output (IPO) cycle, detailing how data is entered, processed by the CPU, and outputted. Additionally, it describes the Central Processing Unit (CPU) and its two main parts: the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) and the Control Unit (CU).

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Pranjali Pande
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6 views11 pages

Lesson 1-IPO Cycle

The document explains the components of a computer system, including input, output, and storage devices, as well as the distinction between hardware and software. It introduces the Input-Process-Output (IPO) cycle, detailing how data is entered, processed by the CPU, and outputted. Additionally, it describes the Central Processing Unit (CPU) and its two main parts: the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) and the Control Unit (CU).

Uploaded by

Pranjali Pande
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cycl

e
Earlier we had learnt about various input and output devices of a
computer system.

• Input devices help computer accept input from the user in


different forms and output devices help it give the output in
various forms.

• We also learnt about various storage devices that store our work
which we do on the computer.

Do you know how a computer processes the data? Before learning


about the working of the computer, let us quickly refresh what we
learnt earlier.
Quick Recall: Input Devices
Input devices are used to feed data and instructions into the computer. Some
examples of input devices are given below.
Quick Recall: Output Devices
The Output devices are used to get the output from a computer, after processing
the input data. Some common output devices are given here.
Quick Recall: Storage Devices
Storage devices store our work. For example, Hard Disk, DVD, Pen drive, RAM,
ROM, etc.
There are following 2 types of storage devices;
1. Primary storage
It consists of two different memory devices: ROM and RAM.
Read Only Memory (ROM): It stores the basic instructions
to start the computer. It stores the data permanently.

Random Access Memory (RAM): It stores the data temporarily.


When computer shuts down, data stored in it is lost.
2. Secondary storage
A secondary storage device is used to store our work on the computer
permanently. Some examples of the secondary storage devices are as folows.
The Hard Disk
It is the main storage device. It is located inside the system unit.
Other external storage devices are Compact Disk (CD), Digital Versatile Disk
(DVD),Pen Drive and External Hard Disk.
Computer Hardware and Software
A computer system is composed of 2 main components:
1. Hardware
2. Software.
• Hardware: All physical parts and devices of a computer system are called
hardware.
• Software: Software are the various applications that run on the computer and make
use of hardware.
• Operating System is a system software that controls the functioning of hardware
and all other software.
• Examples are, Windows 10, MacOS, Linux etc.
• The software which we use to perform various tasks are called Application
software.
• For example, Microsoft Word is an application software used for creating various
documents, Adobe Flash is a animation software, MS Access is a database
application, Corel Draw is a drawing software.
How does a Computer Work?
Computer is an electronic machine that takes data and instructions as input, processes it and gives
the result as output. This is called Input-Process-Output cycle. Let us understand it in detail.

The IPO Cycle


IPO stands for Input-Processing-Output.
→ INPUT: We enter the data and instructions into the computer using the input devices like
keyboard or mouse. This is called input. Instructions tell the computer about what to do with the
data. Example: ADD 5 and 7.

→ PROCESSING: The computer works on the input data with the help of CPU. This is called
processing. Example: After reading the instruction ADD, CPU adds 5 and 7. Result of addition is
12.

→ OUTPUT: After processing the data, the computer gives results on the output devices like
monitor, printer, etc.). This is called output. Example: The result of addition i.e. 12 is displayed on
the monitor.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
A CPU processes the data given by the user and generates the output.
It is the main processing device and also known as "brain" of the computer
system.
The CPU is located inside the system unit, which is a rectangular box placed on
or underneath your desk.
CPU is made of 2 main parts-
1. Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
2. Control Unit (CU)

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