Department of

Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning

22AML64A
Next-Gen Database Technology using MongoDB
 Module 4

CRUD Operations in MongoDB: Data Modification in MongoDB, Batch Insert

in MongoDB, Ordered Bulk Insert, Performing Ordered Bulk Insert, Unordered
Bulk Insert, Inserts: Internals and Implications, Retrieving the documents, $in,
$or , and “AND” Conditions, Regular Expression, $Where Query, Advance query
option, Update Operation, Replacing Existing Document with New Document,
Removing Documents, Case Study: MongoDB using CRUD operations
Reference : https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/crud/
Data Modification in MongoDB
• Data Modification Using CRUD Operations
• Create: Adds new entries to the database, effectively increasing the
data set.
• Read: Retrieves and displays data but does not modify it. This
operation is crucial for verifying changes before or after data
modification.
• Update: Alters existing data to reflect new information or correct
errors.
• Delete: Removes data that is no longer needed or is incorrect.
https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/crud/
MongoDB CRUD Operations
CRUD operations create, read, update, and delete documents

Create Operations
• Create or insert operations add new documents to a collection. If the
collection does not currently exist, insert operations will create the collection.

• MongoDB provides the following methods to insert documents into a

collection:

• db.collection.insertOne()

• db.collection.insertMany()
 Insert Operation : Single document

https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/method/db.collection.insertOne/
 Insert Operation : Single document
• In MongoDB, insert operations target a single collection. All write operation in
MongoDB are atomic on the level of a single document
• db.collection.insertOne() inserts a single document into a collection.
Ex.
db.inventory.insertOne(
{ item: "canvas",
qty: 100,
tags: ["cotton"],
size: { h: 28, w: 35.5}
})
• To retrieve the document that you just inserted
db.inventory.find( { item: "canvas" } )
 Insert Multiple Documents(Batch
Insert)
Syntax
• The insertMany() method has the following syntax:

https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/method/db.collection.insertMany/
Insert Multiple Documents

• db.collection.insertMany() can insert multiple documents into a

collection. Pass an array of documents to the method
db.inventory.insertMany([
{ item: "journal", qty: 25, tags: ["blank", "red"], size: { h: 14, w: 21} },
{ item: "mat", qty: 85, tags: ["gray"], size: { h: 27.9, w: 35.5 } },
{ item: "mousepad", qty: 25, tags: ["gel", "blue"], size: { h: 19, w: 22.85} }
])
Additional Methods for Inserts

• The following methods can also add new documents to a collection:

 Bulk Insert
• The bulkWrite() method in MongoDB allows for the execution of multiple write operations with a
single command

https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/method/db.collection.bulkWrite/#mongodb-method-db.collection.b
ulkWrite
• db.students.bulkWrite([

{ insertOne:
{“document”:{studentId:4, studentName:”GeekD”, studentAge:24}}},

{insertOne:
{“document”:{studentId:4, studentName:”GeekD”, studentAge:24}}}
{ updateOne :
{ "filter" : { "studentId" : 2 },
"update" : { $set : { "studentName" : "GeekyBest" } }
}}
]);
Ordered Bulk Insert
• With an ordered list of operations, MongoDB executes the operations
serially.
• If an error occurs during the processing of one of the write
operations, MongoDB will return without processing any remaining
write operations in the list
• Bulk()
• Bulk operations builder used to construct a list of write operations to perform
in bulk for a single collection. To instantiate an ordered bulk operation use -
db.collection.initializeOrderedBulkOp() method
Performing Ordered Bulk Insert
• With an ordered operations list, MongoDB executes the write
operations in the list serially
• When executing an ordered list of operations, MongoDB groups the
operations by the operation type and contiguity; i.e. contiguous
operations of the same type are grouped together
• For example, if an ordered list has two insert operations followed by an
update operation followed by another insert operation-
• MongoDB groups the operations into three separate groups:
• first group contains the two insert operations,
• second group contains the update operation
• third group contains the last insert operation
Performing Ordered Bulk Insert
 Unordered Bulk Insert
• When executing an unordered list of operations, MongoDB groups the
operations.
• With an unordered bulk operation, the operations in the list may be reordered to
increase performance.
• As such, applications should not depend on the ordering when performing
unordered bulk operations.
• Bulk()
• Bulk operations builder used to construct a list of write operations to perform
in bulk for a single collection. To instantiate an ordered bulk operation use -
db.collection.initializeUnorderedBulkOp() method.

https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/method/db.collection.initializeUnorderedBulkOp/
Unordered Bulk Insert
Retrieving the documents
• db.collection.find() retrieves the documents of a collection
Exercise -1 : Student Database
Create database, Create collection, insert data, find, limit, sort, skip, distinct.
Create a student database with the fields: (USN, Sname, Sem, Branch, CGPA)
Solve the following queries –
• Display all the documents
• Display all the students in AIML
• Display all the students in ascending order
• Display first 5 students
• List the degree of student “XYZ"
• Display students details of 5,6,7 in descending order of percentage
• Display the number of students in CSE
• Display all the distinct degrees
• Display all the ISE students with CGPA greater than 6, but less than 7.5
• Display all the students in AIDS and in 6th Sem
Create a MongoDB database and collection to store student information (USN, Sname, Sem, Branch, CGPA). Perform the below
data manipulation and analysis tasks using MongoDB queries
a. Demonstrate insertion of multiple documents 2M
Solution:
db.students.insertMany([
{ USN: "USN001", Sname: "Alice", Sem: 5, Branch: "CSE", CGPA: 8.2 },
{ USN: "USN002", Sname: "Bob", Sem: 3, Branch: "AIML", CGPA: 7.5 },
{ USN: "USN003", Sname: "Charlie", Sem: 4, Branch: "ISE", CGPA: 6.8 },
{ USN: "USN004", Sname: "David", Sem: 6, Branch: "CSE", CGPA: 9.1 },
{ USN: "USN005", Sname: "Eva", Sem: 2, Branch: "AIML", CGPA: 7.0 }]);

b. Display all the documents 2M

Solution:
db.students.find().pretty()
c. Display all the students in AIML 2M
Solution:
db.students.find({ Branch: "AIML" }).pretty()
d. Display the number of students in CSE 2M
Solution:
db.students.countDocuments({ Branch: "CSE" })
e. Display all the ISE students with CGPA greater than 6, but less than 7.5 2M
Solution:
db.students.find({ Branch: "ISE", CGPA: { $gt: 6, $lt: 7.5 } }).pretty()
 $in
The $in operator selects the documents where the value of a field
equals any value in the specified array

https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/query/in/
 $or
The $or operator performs a logical OR operation on an array of one or more
<expressions> and selects the documents that satisfy at least one of the
<expressions>

This query will select all documents in the inventory collection where either the quantity field value is less
than 20 or the price field value equals 10.
https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/query/or/
$or
 $and
$and performs a logical AND operation on an array of one or more
expressions (<expression1>, <expression2>, and so on) and selects the
documents that satisfy all the expressions.

The following query, which contains multiple expressions supplied to

$and, may produce an error if there is any document where $x is 0:

https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/query/and/
$and
 Regular Expression
$regex
• Provides regular expression capabilities for pattern
matching strings in queries.

• In MongoDB, you can also use regular expression objects (i.e.

/pattern/) to specify regular expressions:

https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/query/regex/
$Where Query
• Use the $where operator to pass either a string containing a
JavaScript expression or a full JavaScript function to the query system.
• The $where provides greater flexibility, but requires that the database
processes the JavaScript expression or function for each document in
the collection.
• Reference the document in the JavaScript expression or function
using either this or obj
$Where Query -Example
json javascript
{ db.products.find({
"_id": 1, $where: function() {
"name": "Product A",
return this.price * this.quantity > 3000;
"price": 50,
"quantity": 100
}
} })
{
"_id": 2, In this example:
"name": "Product B", • this refers to the current document being
"price": 70, evaluated.
"quantity": 20 • The JavaScript function checks if the product's
} total value (price * quantity) exceeds 3000.
Advance query option
• Array query operators – https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/query-array/
• Projection query operators - https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/projection/
• Bitwise query operators – https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/query-bitwise/
• Geospatial query operators - https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/query-geospatial/
Update Operation
• update operations are used to modify existing documents in a
collection
• mongosh leverages the following methods for update operations –
 Update Operators – Field Update Operators
• MongoDB provides several update operators to perform specific operations on fields:

For examples on the given operators : https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/update-field/

 Update Operators – Array Update Operators

For examples on the given operators : https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/update-array/

 Update Operators – Bitwise Update Operator

For examples on the given operators : https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/update-bitwise/

Replacing Existing Document with New
Document
• To replace the entire content of a document except for the _id field, pass an
entirely new document as the second argument to db.collection.replaceOne().

• When replacing a document, the replacement document must consist of only

field/value pairs; i.e. do not include update operators expressions.
• Ex.
db.inventory.replaceOne(
{ item: "paper" },
{ item: "paper", instock: [ { warehouse: "A", qty: 60 }, { warehouse: "B", qty: 40 } ] }
)
Removing Documents
• You can delete documents in MongoDB using the
following mongosh methods:
• db.collection.deleteMany()
• db.collection.deleteOne()
• Delete All Documents :
• Delete All Documents that Match a Condition :
Removing Documents
 Case Study: MongoDB using CRUD
operations
Exercise -1 :
• Create an employee database with the fields: {eid, ename, dept, desig,
salary, yoj, address{dno, street, locality, city}}
• Demonstrate Update modifiers ($set, $unset, $inc, $push, $pushAll,
$pull, $pullAll, $addToSet)
Exercise -2 :
• Create a book Data Base with the fields: (isbn, bname, author[], year,
publisher, price)
• Create database, Create collection, insert data, find, sort, limit, $all, $in.
Case Study: MongoDB using CRUD
operations
Exercise-3
• Create a database with suitable example using MongoDB and
implement
• Inserting and saving document (batch insert, insertvalidation)
• Removingdocument
• Updating document (document replacement, using modifiers,
upserts,updating multiple documents, returning updateddocuments)