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Bayesian Networks

A Bayesian network is a graphical model that uses probability to determine the occurrence of events, consisting of directed acyclic graphs and conditional probability tables. It includes nodes representing random variables and edges indicating causal relationships, with key concepts of joint and conditional probabilities. Applications of Bayesian networks in AI can be illustrated through examples, such as predicting the likelihood of a burglary based on alarm responses from neighbors.

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8 views8 pages

Bayesian Networks

A Bayesian network is a graphical model that uses probability to determine the occurrence of events, consisting of directed acyclic graphs and conditional probability tables. It includes nodes representing random variables and edges indicating causal relationships, with key concepts of joint and conditional probabilities. Applications of Bayesian networks in AI can be illustrated through examples, such as predicting the likelihood of a burglary based on alarm responses from neighbors.

Uploaded by

gokulk200507
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BAYESIAN NETWORKS

Understanding Bayesian networks in AI

• A Bayesian network is a type of graphical model that uses probability to


determine the occurrence of an event.
• It is also known as a belief network or a causal network. It consists of
directed cyclic graphs (DCGs) and a table of conditional probabilities to
find out the probability of an event happening.
• It contains nodes and edges, where edges connect the nodes. The graph is
acyclic - meaning there is no direct path where one node can reach
another. The table of probability, on the other hand, shows the likelihood
that a random variable will take on certain values.
• The above image illustrates a directed acyclic graph. There are
five nodes, namely, a, b, c, d, and e. From the above graph, we
can get the following information:
• Node a is the parent of node b, c, and e, and node b, c, and e
are the child nodes of node a.
• Node b and c are the parent nodes of d.
• Node e is the child node of nodes d, c, and a.
• It is important to note the relationships between the nodes.
Bayesian networks fall under probabilistic graphical
techniques; hence, probability plays a crucial role in defining
the relationship among these nodes.
• There are two types of probabilities that you need to be fully aware
of in Bayesian networks:
1. Joint probability
• Joint probability is a probability of two or more events happening
together. For example, the joint probability of two events A and B is
the probability that both events occur, P(A∩B).
2. Conditional probability
• Conditional probability defines the probability that event B will
occur, given that event A has already occurred. There are two ways
joint probability can be represented:
• If A and B are dependent events p(B/A) = P(A and B)/P(A)
• If A and B are independent events: P(B/A) P(B)
Bayesian network in artificial intelligence examples

Here’s an example to better understand the concept.


• You have installed a burglar alarm at home. The alarm not only detects
burglary but also responds to minor earthquakes.
• You have two neighbors, Chris and Martin, who have agreed to get in
touch with you when the alarm rings.
• Chris calls you when he hears the alarm but sometimes confuses it with
the telephone ringing and calls.
• On the other hand, Martin is a music lover who sometimes misses the
alarm due to the loud music he plays.
Problem:
• Based on the evidence on who will or will not call, find the probability of a
burglary occurring in the house.
• In a Bayesian network, we can see nodes as random variables.
• There are five nodes:
• Burglary (B)
• Earthquake (E)
• Alarm (A)
• Chris calls ( C )
• Martin calls (M)
• Links act as causal dependencies that define the relationship between the
nodes. Both Chris and Martin call when there is an alarm.
• Let’s write the probability distribution function formula for the above five
nodes.

Applications of Bayesian networks in AI

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