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Ch4 Quadratic Equations

The document is an educational resource focused on quadratic equations, detailing their definitions, forms, and methods for solving them. It emphasizes the importance of quadratic equations in real-life situations and outlines learning objectives, including finding roots and applying quadratic equations to practical problems. Additionally, it introduces the quadratic formula and the discriminant, along with examples and exercises for practice.

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Darsh Patel
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27 views26 pages

Ch4 Quadratic Equations

The document is an educational resource focused on quadratic equations, detailing their definitions, forms, and methods for solving them. It emphasizes the importance of quadratic equations in real-life situations and outlines learning objectives, including finding roots and applying quadratic equations to practical problems. Additionally, it introduces the quadratic formula and the discriminant, along with examples and exercises for practice.

Uploaded by

Darsh Patel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CLASS-X

SUB:MATHEMATIC
S
TOPIC:QUADRATIC
EQUATION
DARSH PATEL
X-A
07
Answer the following:
What is a polynomial?
What is a quadratic polynomial?
What is an equation?
What is a linear equation?
What is the degree of the variable in a linear
equation?
If the degree of the variable in an equation is
2, then what type of equation is it?
Today we are going to learn the topic:
Quadratic Equations
Why should we study Quadratic equations???
Quadratic equations come up when we deal with many real-life situations.
For example, suppose our school decides to build a
prayer hall having a carpet area of 300 square metres with
its length one metre more than twice its breadth. What
should be the length and breadth of the hall?

Let, the breadth of the hall is x metres.


Then, its length should be (2x + 1) metres.
Now, area of the hall = (2x + 1). xm2 = (2x2 + x) m2
So, 2x2 + x = 300 (Given)
Therefore, 2x2 + x – 300 = 0
So, the breadth of the hall should satisfy the equation 2x2 + x – 300
= 0 which is a quadratic equation. To get the length and breadth we
have to solve this quadratic equation.
Learning objectives:
• To learn different methods of finding
roots of a quadratic equation.

• Determine nature of roots.

• Application of quadratic equation to


solve problems on some daily life
situation.
Definition
In mathematics, a quadratic equation is a
polynomial equation of the second degree.
The general form is
2
ax  bx  c 0

where x represents a variable or an unknown,


and a, b, and c are real numbers with a ≠ 0.
(If a = 0, the equation will be a linear
equation.)
The constants a, b, and c are called
respectively, the quadratic coefficient, the
linear coefficient and the constant term or
free term.
Quadratic & Roots
Quadratic: A polynomial of degree=2
y= ax2+bx+c
is a quadratic equation. (a  0 )

Here is an example of one:

Quadratic Equation

 The name Quadratic comes from "quad" meaning square,


because the variable gets squared (like x2).
 It is also called an "Equation of Degree 2" (because of the "2" on
the x)
Roots
A real number α is called a root of the
quadratic equation ,
a≠0
if aα2 + bα2 + c = 0.
If α is a root of
,then we say that:
(i) x= α satisfies the equation ax2+bx+c =0
Or (ii) x= α is a solution of the equation
ax2+bx+c =0
The Root of a quadratic equation ax2+bx+c
=0 are called zeros of the polynomial
ax2+bx+c .
More Examples of
Quadratic Equations
 In this one a=2, b=5
and c=3.

 This one is a little more


tricky: Where is a? In fact a=1, as we
don't usually write "1x2“ b = -3 and
where is c? Well, c=0, so is not shown.

 Oops! This one is not a


quadratic equation, because it is missing
x2 (in other words a=0, and that means it
can't be quadratic)
Quadratic Equations
The "Standard Form" of a Quadratic Equation:

But sometimes a quadratic equation doesn't look like that..!


Here are some examples of different form:

In disguise In Standard Form a, b and c

x2 = 3x -1 Move all terms to left x2 - 3x + 1 = 0 a=1, b=-3, c=1


hand side

2(w2 - 2w) = 5 Expand (undo the 2w2 - 4w - 5 = 0 a=2, b=-4, c=-5


brackets), and move 5
to left

z(z-1) = 3 Expand, and move 3 a=1, b=-1, c=-3


to left
z2 - z - 3 = 0

5 + 1/x - 1/x2 = 0 a=5, b=1, c=-1


Multiply by x2 5x2 + x - 1 = 0
Solving the Quadratic
equation
Here we are going to learn two methods to find
the
Solutions of a quadratic equation:
 Factorization of the Quadratic (find what to multiply to make the
Quadratic Equation)
 We can use the special Quadratic Formula:

Thus ax2+bx+c =0 has two roots α and β, given by

 b  b 2  4ac  b  b 2  4 ac
α= 2a 2a
β=
Factorising the quadratic equation
 To "Factor" (or "Factorize") a Quadratic is to find what to
multiply to get the Quadratic polynomial. It is called
"Factoring" because you find the factors (a factor is
something you multiply by)
 Example
The factors of x2 + 3x - 4 are: (x+4) and (x-1)
Why? Well, let us multiply them to see:
(x+4)(x-1) = x(x-1) + 4(x-1) = x2 - x + 4x - 4 = x2 +
3x – 4
 Multiplying (x+4)(x-1) together is called Expanding.
 In fact, Expanding and Factoring are opposites:
Let us perform an activity to
factorise a quadratic
polynomial (Hyperlink)

Let us recall how to factorise


a quadratic polynomial by
splitting the middle term
.(hyperlink)
Solving quadratic equation by
factorisation:
To solve by factoring:
 Factororise the quadratic polynomial. The factors will be linear
expressions.
 Set each linear factor equal to zero.
 Solve both linear equations.

Let us solve :
Q1. Solve by factorising x2 + 3x = 0

x2 + 3x = 0
x( x + 3) = 0
x = 0 or x + 3 = 0
x = -3
Hence roots are 0 and -3
Q2. Solve x -7x + 12 = 0
2

Solution : let us factorise x2 -7x + 12


x2 -7x + 12
= x2 -4x-3x +12
=x(x – 4) – 3 (x – 4)
=(x – 4 )(x – 3)
equating the factors to zero and solving them
we get,
x2 -7x + 12 = 0
i.e. (x – 4 )(x – 3)=0
i.e. (x – 4 )=0 or (x – 3)=0
x=4 or x=3
Quadratic formula:
If x is a root of the quadratic equation

where a, b, c are real numbers and a≠0


Then,

provided b2 - 4ac ≥ 0.
Discriminant
 The expression b2 - 4ac in the formula

is called the Discriminant, because it can "discriminate"


between the possible types of answers. It is denoted by “D” .
D=b2 - 4ac
Value of D Nature of Roots Roots

D>0 Real and Unequal [(-b±√D)/2a]

D=0 Real and Equal Each root = (-b/2a)

D<0 No real roots None


Graphical Representation for
Discriminant:

a)D>0 b) D=0 c)
D<0
Real and distinct Real and equal
Let us sing a song
(hyperlink)to
remember quadratic
formula.
Using the Quadratic Formula
Just put the values of a, b and c into the Quadratic Formula, and do
the calculation
Example: Solve 5x² + 6x =-1
Coefficients are: a = 5, b = 6, c = 1
Quadratic Formula: x = [ -b ± √(b2-4ac) ] / 2a
 
Put in a, b and c:   6  6 2  4 5 1 
 
 x= 2 5  

  6  36  20  
 
x = 10 

  6  16  

x = 10  

  6 4 
x=  10   Hence, x = -0.2 or -1
 
Continue..
 Answer: x = -0.2 or x = -1
 Check -0.2: 5×(-0.2)² + 6×(-0.2) + 1
= 5×(0.04) + 6×(-0.2) + 1
= 0.2 -1.2 + 1
= 0 Check -1: 5×(-1)² + 6×(-1) + 1
= 5×(1) + 6×(-1) + 1
= 5-6+1
= 0
solve for x:
Qn. Find the value of k for which the
quadratic equation 2x2+kx+3=0
has two real and equal roots.

Solution:
If we write the fiven equation in the form of ax2+bx+c=0,
we get
a=2, b=k and c=3
D= b2 – 4ac= k2 – 4×2×3= = k2 –24

For real and equal roots we have D=0


k2 –24=0
k=± √24
k=± 2√6
Hence required values of k are ± 2√6.
Let us solve :
Qn. The difference of squares of two numbers is 180. The
square of the smaller number is 8 times the larger number.
Find the two numbers.
Solution:
Work sheet (Art Integration)
Check your answers:
Concept Map:
Thank you…

Th

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