Scribd
Upload
7 views28 pages

Chapter Four

The respiratory system consists of the lungs and airways that connect them to the external environment, functioning in two main portions: the conducting portion for air delivery and the respiratory portion for gas exchange. Key components include the nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and alveoli, which work together to supply oxygen to tissues and remove carbon dioxide. Breathing involves inhalation and exhalation, facilitating gas exchange between the lungs and bloodstream.

Uploaded by

shiinecabdicabdulaahi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7 views28 pages

Chapter Four

The respiratory system consists of the lungs and airways that connect them to the external environment, functioning in two main portions: the conducting portion for air delivery and the respiratory portion for gas exchange. Key components include the nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and alveoli, which work together to supply oxygen to tissues and remove carbon dioxide. Breathing involves inhalation and exhalation, facilitating gas exchange between the lungs and bloodstream.

Uploaded by

shiinecabdicabdulaahi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 28

CHAPTER FOUR

RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM


Lecturer Dr-Mohamed isak omar
Director-HALDOOR DIAGNOSTIC AND
TRAINING CENTER
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM consist of

 The lungs and a series


air ways that connect
the lungs to the
external environment
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM classified functionally
two main types

 Conducting portion
consisting of Air ways that deliver air to
the lungs
Respiratory portion
Consist of structures with the lungs in
which oxygen in the inspired air
exchanged for carbon di oxide in the
blood
AIR CONDUCTING
PORTION


1.AIR CONDUCTING PORTION
a. Nasal cavity, oral cavity
b. Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and
laryngopharynx
 Larynx
c. Trachea
d. Bronchi
e. Bronchioles
f. Terminal bronchioles
These provide a passageway to and from lungs
These components also "condition" the inspired
air (i.e. moistens, removes particles and some
noxious gases, warms air)
RESPIRATORY PORTION

 2. RESPIRATORY PORTION
 a. respiratory bronchioles
 b. alveolar ducts
 C. Alveolar sacs
 d. alveolar used for gas exchange
 3. MUSCULOELASTIC VENTILATION
 muscles, e.g. intercostals and diaphragm, used
for moving air in and out of the lungs.
Components of the
Upper Respiratory Tract

Components of the Lower
Respiratory Tract

Figure 10.3
The bronchioles

 The bronchioles end in tiny balloon-
like air sacs called alveoli.
 Your body has about 600 million
alveoli.
 The alveoli are surrounded by a
mesh of tiny blood vessels called
capillaries.
 Here, oxygen from inhaled air
alveoli

Human Respiratory
System

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

 General Function
 The fundamental purpose of the
respiratory system is to supply
oxygen
 to the individual tissue cells and
to remove their gaseous waste
product, carbon dioxide.
Breathing

 Breathing, or ventilation, refers
to the inhalation and exhalation
of air.
 Air is a mixture of oxygen,
nitrogen, carbon dioxide and
other gases;
 The pressure of these gases
gas exchanges

 During gas exchange oxygen
moves from the lungs to the
bloodstream.
 At the same time carbon dioxide
passes from the blood to the lungs.
 This happens in the lungs between
the alveoli and a network of tiny
blood vessels called capillaries,
Structure and Function
The respiratory system performs
two major tasks:
•Exchanging air between the body
and the outside environment
known as external respiration

•Bringing oxygen to the cells and


removing carbon dioxide from
them referred to as internal
respiration

14
Structure and Function
of Respiratory
 Pathways
 The Nasal Cavities
 Air makes its initial entrance into the body through the
 openings in the nose called the nostrils
 the nostrils, are the two spaces known as the nasal
cavities.
 These two spaces are separated from each other by a
partition, called the nasal septum.
 Tiny hair follicles that cover the interior lining of
nostrils act as the body’s first line of defense against
foreign pathogens
The Pharynx

 The Pharynx
 The muscular pharynx (throat) carries air into
the respiratory tract and foods and liquids into
the digestive system. The upper portion
located immediately behind the nasal cavity is
called the nasopharynx , the middle section
located behind the mouth is called the
oropharynx, and the lowest portion is called
the laryngeal pharynx. This last section opens
into the larynx toward the front and into the
esophagus toward the back
The Larynx
 The Larynx

 The larynx (voice box) is located
between the pharynx and the trachea.
It has a framework of cartilage that
protect the front of the neck and
sometimes is referred to as the Adam’s
apple. The larynx is considerably larger
in the male than in the female; hence,
the Adam’s apple is much more
prominent in the male. At the upper end
of the larynx are the vocal cords, which
Cont..

The Larynx

 The space between these two
vocal cords is called the glottis,
and the little leaf-shaped cartilage
that covers the larynx during
swallowing is called the epiglottis.
 The epiglottis helps keep food out
of the remainder of the respiratory
tract.

The epiglottis, a movable flap of
cartilage that covers the opening to the
larynx (voice box) prevents food from
entering the larynx during swallowing.

Occasionally, a person may swallow and inhale


at the same time so some food may enter the
larynx and choking occurs.

A technique called the Heimlich maneuver has


saved many people from choking to death.


Trachea

 The Trachea (Windpipe)
 The trachea is a tube that extends
from the lower edge of the larynx
 The trachea is a 10cm long and
with 2.5cm diameter tube. Its
function is air conduction to the
upper part of the chest above the
heart
Bronchi and Bronchioles

 The Bronchi and Bronchioles
 The trachea is divides into two bronchi
which
 enter the lungs.
 The right bronchus is considerably
larger in diameter than the left and
extends downward in a more vertical
direction.
 Therefore, if a foreign body is inhaled, it
is likely to enter the right lung.
Lungs
 The Lungs

 The lungs are the major organs of the
respiratory system, and are divided into
sections, or lobes.
 The right lung has three lobes and is slightly
larger than the left lung, which has two lobes.
 The lungs are separated by the mediastinum.
 This area contains the heart, trachea,
esophagus, and many lymph nodes.
The Lung Cavities

 The Lung Cavities
 . Each lung is enveloped in a double
sac
of serous membrane called the
pleura.
 The portion of the pleura that is
attached to the chest wall is called
parietal pleura,
Physiology of Respiration

 Physiology of Respiration
 Pulmonary Ventilation
 Ventilation is the movement of air into and out of the
lungs, as in breathing. There are two phases of
ventilation:
 1. Inhalation is the drawing of air into the lungs.
 2. Exhalation is the expulsion of air from the lungs

THANK YOU!
Any Question?

You might also like