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Basic Linux Commands

The document is an introduction to Linux, covering essential topics such as logging into a Linux system, navigating the file system, and using basic commands like 'ls', 'cp', and 'mv'. It explains absolute and relative paths, as well as various command options for file management. The document serves as a guide for beginners to understand fundamental Linux operations and commands.

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2 views

Basic Linux Commands

The document is an introduction to Linux, covering essential topics such as logging into a Linux system, navigating the file system, and using basic commands like 'ls', 'cp', and 'mv'. It explains absolute and relative paths, as well as various command options for file management. The document serves as a guide for beginners to understand fundamental Linux operations and commands.

Uploaded by

shiinecabdicabdulaahi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Linux

Liban Bashir
Network Security Administrator/
Former SYSTEM ADMIN
RHCSA / RHCE & RED HAT
VIRTUALIZATION
[email protected]
Introduction to Linux -
agenda
 Login into a Linux System
 Absolute & Relative Paths
 Navigating the file system
 LS Commands practice

session
 Making directories and

deleting it.
 Creating files and removing
Login into a Linux System
 Two types of login screens
◦ virtual consoles (text-based)
◦ graphical logins (display managers)
 Login using login name and password
 Each user has a home directory for personal

file storage

*kernel
Absolute & Relative Paths
 Absolute pathnames
◦ Begin with a forward slash
◦ Complete "road map" to file location
◦ Can be used anytime you wish to specify a file
name
 Relative pathnames
◦ Do not begin with a slash
◦ Specify location relative to your current working
directory
◦ Can be used as a shorter way to specify a file
name
Navigating the File System
 Essential navigation commands:
◦ pwd print current directory
◦ ls list files
◦ cd change directory
The ls Command
 Useful options for the “ls” command:
◦ ls -a List all files, including hidden files beginning
with a period “.”
◦ ls -ld * List details about a directory and not its
contents
◦ ls -F Put an indicator character at the end of
each name
◦ ls –l Simple long listing
◦ ls –lR Recursive long listing
◦ ls –lh Give human readable file sizes
◦ ls –lS Sort files by file size
◦ ls –lt Sort files by modification time (very useful!)
The Basic Linux Command
 cd, change directory
◦ cd ..
◦ cd –
◦ cd ~/mydir
◦ cd /home/usman
◦ cd
 su, switch user, su – (complete user
environment)
 id, print user and group ids
 passwd, change password
The Basic Linux Command
 cat, concatenate/display files
◦ cat /home/usman/myfile
 clear, clears the screen
 date, see/modify system date & time
◦ date, date [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
 df, disk space usage
◦ df –h
 du, file space usage
◦ du –sh
 uname, print system info
◦ uname [-a, -s, -n, -r, -v, -m]
The Basic Linux Command
 cp, copy files and directories
◦ cp [options] file destination
 More than one file may be copied at a time if
the destination is a directory:
◦ cp [options] file1 file2 destination
 If the destination is a directory, the copy is
placed there
 If the destination is a file, the copy overwrites

the destination
 If the destination does not exist, the copy is

renamed
Some Useful File
Commands
 mv, move and/or rename files and directories
◦ mv [options] file destination
 More than one file may be moved at a time if
the destination is a directory:
◦ mv [options] file1 file2 destination
 In mv also, the destination works like cp
 mkdir, creates directories
◦ mkdir <directory name/path>
 rmdir, removes empty directories
◦ rmdir < directory name/path>
The Basic Linux Command
 touch, create empty files or update file
timestamps
◦ touch <file name/path>
 rm, remove files
◦ rm [options] <file name/path>
◦ rm -i file (interactive)
◦ rm -r directory (recursive)
◦ rm -f file (force)
 rm –r, recursively removes directory trees
◦ rm –rf <directory name/path>
whoami, print user id
Questions?

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