MODULE-6

Create your own

IoT
 6.1
IoT Hardware
 IOT HARDWARE
🞆Arduino
🞆 Raspberry Pi
🞆 ESP32
🞆Cloudbit/Littlebits
🞆Particle Photon
🞆Beaglebone Black.
IOT HARDWARE
 IOT HARDWARE
🞆 When it comes to IoT hardware, one can
think of mobile phones as IoT devices, since
smartphones have sensors, displays, and a
unique address and are connected to the
Internet.
🞆 The possibilities for IoT development in
hardware and software are infinite.
🞆 IoT hardware can be classified into two broad
categories:
1) wearable devices and gadgets and
2) embedded systems and boards.
IOT HARDWARE
 IOT HARDWARE
🞆 In the wearable category, many
preassembled standard hardware
applications ranging from smart
shoes to glasses are available.
🞆 The scope of IoT development in
this category is limited to
software, where a DIYer can
develop applications suitable only
for a particular hardware item of
a wearable gadget.
 IOT HARDWARE
🞆 On the other hand, both the hardware
and software aspects are open for
developers under the embedded
systems and boards category.
🞆 The services provided by these
systems and boards can be further
classified into three subcategories:
1) device control
2) data acquisition
3) application development.
 IOT HARDWARE
🞆 Device control includes monitoring of
devices, security, and firmware updates.

🞆 Data acquisition encompasses

management and transformation at
different layers of the IoT.

🞆 Application development includes

analytics, event driven logic,
visualization, and application
programming.
 ARDUINO BASICS
arduino ( arrr-dween-oh )

(n.) It's an open-source physical computing

platform based on a simple microcontroller
board, and a development environment for
writing software for the board.
 FEATURES OF ARDUINO
🞆 Open source based electronic
programmable board (micro
controller)and software(IDE)
🞆 Accepts analog and digital signals as
input and gives desired output
🞆 No extra hardware required to load a
program into the controller board
Introduction to Internet of Things 2 N
 TYPES OF ARDUINO BOARD
🞆 Arduino boards based on ATMEGA328
microcontroller

🞆 Arduino boards based on ATMEGA32u4

microcontroller

🞆 Arduino boards based on ATMEGA2560

microcontroller

🞆 Arduino boards based on AT91SAM3X8E

microcontroller
TYPES OF ARDUINO BOARDS

Arduino Nano

Arduino
Arduino LilyPad
Mega

Arduino Uno
Arduino Mini Arduino Leonardo
ARDUINO UNO

Digital pins:
🞆 14 digital IO pins
🞆 6 are PWM pins (3, 5, 6, 9,
10, and 11).

Analog pins:
🞆 6 analog pins(A0, A1, A2,
A3, A4, and A5)
🞆 Takes analog values as an
input
ARDUINO UNO
ARDUINO IDE
● Arduino IDE is an open source
software that is used to program the
Arduino controller board
● Based on variations of the C and C+
+ programming language
● It can be downloaded from Arduino’s
official website and installed into PC
ARDUINO IDE
VERIFY SERIAL
MONITOR
UPLOAD
NEW
TAB
OPEN CODE
SAVE GOES
HERE BOARD &
SERIAL
PORT
SELECTI
ONS
BASIC CODING
STRUCTURE
 SET UP
🞆 Power the board by connecting it to a PC via
USB cable

🞆 Launch the Arduino IDE

🞆 Set the board type and the port for the

board

🞆 TOOLS -> BOARD -> select your board

🞆 TOOLS -> PORT -> select your port

 SET UP

Program coded in Arduino IDE is called a

SKETCH
 ARDUINO IDE OVERVIEW
To create a new sketch
File -> New
To open an existing
sketch
File -> open ->
There are some basic
ready-to-use sketches
available in the
EXAMPLES section

File -> Examples ->

select any program
 ARDUINO IDE OVERVIEW
Verify: Checks the code
for compilation errors

Upload: Uploads the final

code to the controller
board

New: Creates a new blank

sketch with basic
structure
Open: Opens an existing
sketch Save: Saves the
current sketch
BASIC CODING STRUCTURE
▪ setup() function
• Called when a sketch starts.
• To initialize variables, pin modes, start
using libraries, etc.
• Will only run once, after each power-up or
reset of the Arduino board.
▪ loop() function
• Loops consecutively.
• Code in the loop() section of the sketch is
used to actively control the Arduino board.
▪ Commenting
• Any line that starts with two slashes (//) will
not be read by the compiler, so you can
write anything you want after it.
BASIC CODING STRUCTURE
▪ pinMode()
🞆 Instruction used to set the mode (INPUT or
OUTPUT) in which we are going to use a
pin.
🞆 Eg: pinMode (13, OUTPUT);
🞆 ie. setting pin13 as output.

▪ digitalWrite()
• Write a HIGH or a LOW value to a digital
pin.
• Eg: digitalWrite (11, HIGH);
• ie. setting pin 11 to high.
BASIC CODING STRUCTURE
▪ digitalRead()
• Reads the value from a specified digital
pin, either HIGH or LOW
• Eg: int inPin=7;
val = digitalRead(inPin);
• ie. reads the value from inPin and assigns
it to val.

▪ delay()
• Pauses the program for the amount of time
(in milliseconds) specified as parameter.
• Eg: delay(1000);
• ie. waits for a second (1000 ms = 1 s)
 EXAMPLE:BLINKING LED
Requirement:
Arduino controller board, USB connector, Bread
board, LED, 1.4Kohm resistor, connecting
wires, Arduino IDE
1.Connect the LED to the Arduino using the
Bread board and the connecting wires
2.Connect the Arduino board to the PC using
the USB connector
3.Select the board type and port
4.Write the sketch in the editor, verify and
upload.
5.Connect the positive terminal of the LED to
digital pin 12 and the negative terminal to
the ground pin (GND) of Arduino Board
EXAMPLE:BLINKING LED
EXAMPLE:BLINKING LED
EXAMPLE:BLINKING LED
Component List
⮚ Arduino Uno
⮚ USB cable
⮚ LED, RGB LED
⮚ LDR
⮚ POT(10k)
⮚ Resistors
⮚ Temp sensor LM-35
⮚ Motor Driver L293D, DC Motor
⮚ Connecting wire
ARDUINO
WHAT CAN IT DO?

•Great for prototyping

ideas

•Access to multiple I/O

•Drive motors, turn on

lights, trigger controls.

•Low Power
requirements

•Flexible / Open-source
“HOW MUCH MORE
ARDUINO CAN DO IS
ONLY LEFT TO YOUR
IMAGINATION”

34
 WHAT IS
RASPBERRY PI?
• The Raspberry Pi is a series of small single-
board computers developed in the United
Kingdom by the Raspberry Pi Foundation to
promote the teaching of basic computer
science in schools and in developing
countries.
• The original model became far more
popular than anticipated, selling outside of
its target market for uses such as robotics.
 THE TIMELINE
• The first generation (Raspberry Pi 1 Model B)
was released in February 2012. It was followed
by a simpler and inexpensive model Model A.
• In 2014, the foundation released a board with
an improved design in Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+.
These boards are approximately credit-card sized
and represent the standard mainline form-factor.
• Improved A+ and B+ models were released a
year later. A "compute module" was released in
April 2014 for embedded applications, and a
Raspberry Pi Zero with smaller size and reduced
input/output (I/O) and general-purpose
input/output (GPIO) capabilities was released in
November 2015 for US$5.
 THE TIMELINE
•The Raspberry Pi 2 which added more RAM
was released in February 2015.
• Raspberry Pi 3 Model B released in
February 2016, is bundled with on-board WiFi,
Bluetooth and USB boot capabilities.
• As of January 2017, Raspberry Pi 3 Model B
is the newest mainline Raspberry Pi.
• Raspberry Pi boards are priced between
US$5–35.
• As of 28 February 2017, the Raspberry Pi
Zero W was launched, which is identical to
the Raspberry Pi Zero, but has the Wi-Fi and
Bluetooth functionality of the Raspberry Pi 3
for US$10.
RASPBERRY PI 3
MODEL B
RASPBERRY PI 2
MODEL B STATS
 OPERATING SYSTEM
• The Foundation provides Raspbian, a
Debian based Linux distribution for
download, as well as third party Ubuntu,
Windows 10 IOT Core, RISC OS, and
specialised media center distributions.
• It promotes Python and Scratch as the
main programming language, with
support for many other languages.
• The default firmware is closed source,
while an unofficial open source is
available.
LINUX BASED OPERATING SYSTEMS
• Android Things
• Arch Linux
• OpenSuse
• Raspberry Pi Fedora Remix
• Pidora
• Gentoo Linux
• CentOS Raspberry Pi
• Kali Linux
• Slackware ARM
• Puppy Linux
SUMMARY
 What is BeagleBone Black?

🞆BeagleBone Black is a low-cost,

community-supported
development platform for
developers and hobbyists.
🞆 Boot Linux in under 10 seconds
and get started on development in
less than 5 minutes with just a
single USB cable.
 What is BeagleBone Black?
🞆 The BeagleBone Black is the latest device to
come from the BeagleBoard group.
🞆 the BeagleBoard team want to create
“powerful, open, and embedded devices”
with a goal of contributing to the open
source community, including facilitating
education in electronics.
🞆 The BeagleBone Black is the smallest and
cheapest of the team’s boards, with a form
factor comparable to that of the Raspberry
Pi
 What is BeagleBone Black?
🞆 The influence of the Pi can be seen in the
latest revision of the BeagleBone platform,
the BeagleBone Black.
🞆 Although still missing the analogue video
and audio connectors, it adds a micro-HDMI
connector to provide digital outputs for both
audio and video.
🞆 The price is also much closer at £31, and it
retains the much better electronics
interfacing capabilities of the original
BeagleBone.
Processor: Software Compatibility

AM335x 1GHz ARM® C

ortex-A8 ■ Debian
■ 512MB DDR3 RAM ■ Android
■ 4GB 8-bit eMMC on- ■ Ubuntu
board flash storage
■ Cloud9 IDE on
■ 3D graphics accelerator
■ NEON floating-point Node.js w/
accelerator BoneScript library
■ 2x PRU 32-bit ■ plus much more
microcontrollers
Connectivity:
■ USB client for power & communications
■ USB host
■ Ethernet
■ HDMI
■ 2x 46 pin headers