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Addition Subtration

This document provides an overview of systems of linear equations, including definitions, types of solutions, and methods for solving them such as graphing, substitution, and addition. It explains how to determine if an ordered pair is a solution and categorizes systems as consistent or inconsistent based on their solutions. The document includes examples and exercises to illustrate the concepts and methods discussed.

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Jenalyn Guzman
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10 views34 pages

Addition Subtration

This document provides an overview of systems of linear equations, including definitions, types of solutions, and methods for solving them such as graphing, substitution, and addition. It explains how to determine if an ordered pair is a solution and categorizes systems as consistent or inconsistent based on their solutions. The document includes examples and exercises to illustrate the concepts and methods discussed.

Uploaded by

Jenalyn Guzman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SYSTEMS OF

EQUATIONS
Introduction to Systems of
Equations
• A system of linear equations consists of two or more
linear equations made up of two or more variables such
that all equations in the system are considered
simultaneously. To find the unique solution to a system of
linear equations, we must find a numerical value for each
variable in the system that will satisfy all equations in the
system at the same time. Some linear systems may not
have a solution and others may have an infinite number of
solutions. In order for a linear system to have a unique
solution, there must be at least as many equations as
there are variables. Even so, this does not guarantee a
unique solution.
Two equations that contain two different
variables.
For example, consider the following system
of linear equations in two variables.

2x+y=15
3x–y=5
We can verify the solution by substituting
the values into each equation to see if the
ordered pair satisfies both equations.
The solution to a system of linear equations in two
variables is any ordered pair that satisfies each
equation independently. In this example, the
ordered pair (4,7) is the solution to the system of
linear equations.

2(4)+(7) )=15 True


3(4)−(7)=5 True
• In addition to considering the number of equations and
variables, we can categorize systems of linear equations by
the number of solutions. A consistent system of equations has
at least one solution. A consistent system is considered to be
an independent system if it has a single solution, such as the
example we just explored. The two lines have different slopes
and intersect at one point in the plane. A consistent system is
considered to be a dependent system if the equations have
the same slope and the same y-intercepts. In other words, the
lines coincide so the equations represent the same line. Every
point on the line represents a coordinate pair that satisfies the
system. Thus, there are an infinite number of solutions.
Another type of system of linear equations is
an inconsistent system, which is one in
which the equations represent two parallel
lines. The lines have the same slope and
different y-intercepts. There are no points
common to both lines; hence, there is no
solution to the system.
Determining Whether an Ordered
Pair Is a Solution to a System of
Equations
Determine whether the ordered pair (5,1) is a solution
to the given system of equations.

x+3y=8
2x−9=y
Solution
Substitute the ordered pair (5,1) into both equations.

(5)+3(1) =8
8 =8 True
2(5)−9=)1)
1=1 True

The ordered pair (5,1) satisfies both equations, so it is the


solution to the system.
Analysis
We can see the solution clearly by plotting the
graph of each equation. Since the solution is an
ordered pair that satisfies both equations, it is a
point on both of the lines and thus the point of
intersection of the two lines.
Exercise
• Determine whether the ordered pair (8,5) is a solution
to the following system.

5x−4y=20
2x+1=3y
Solving Systems of Equations by
Graphing
• There are multiple methods of solving systems of
linear equations. For a system of linear equations
in two variables, we can determine both the type
of system and the solution by graphing the
system of equations on the same set of axes.
Solving a System of Equations in
Two Variables by Graphing
Solve the following system of equations by graphing.
Identify the type of system.

2x+y =−8
x−y=−1
Solution
Solve the first equation for y

2x+y =−8
y=−2x−8

Solve the second equation for y

x−y =−1
y=x+1
Graph both equations on the same set of axes

The lines appear


to intersect at
the point
(−3,−2)
.
We can check to make sure
that this is the solution to the
system by substituting the
ordered pair into both
equations.

2(−3)+(−2) =−8
−8 =−8 True
(−3)−(−2)−1
Exercise
Solve the following system of equations by
graphing.

2x−5y=−25
−4x+5y=35
Solving Systems of Equations by Substitution

• Solving a linear system in two variables by graphing


works well when the solution consists of integer values,
but if our solution contains decimals or fractions, it is
not the most precise method. We will consider two more
methods of solving a system of linear equations that
are more precise than graphing. One such method is
solving a system of equations by the substitution
method, in which we solve one of the equations for one
variable and then substitute the result into the second
equation to solve for the second variable. Recall that we
can solve for only one variable at a time, which is the
reason the substitution method is both valuable and
practical.
How to: Given a system of two equations in
two variables, solve using the substitution
method.
1.Solve one of the two equations for one of the variables
in terms of the other.
2.Substitute the expression for this variable into the
second equation, then solve for the remaining variable.
3.Substitute that solution into either of the original
equations to find the value of the first variable. If
possible, write the solution as an ordered pair.
4.Check the solution in both equations.
Solve the following system of equations by substitution.

−x+y=−5
2x−5y=1
Solution
First, we will solve the first equation for y

−x+y =−5
y=x−5

Now we can substitute the expression x−5 for y in the second


equation.

2x−5y=1
2x−5(x−5) =1
2x−5x+25 =1
-3x=-24
x=8
Now, we substitute x=8 into the first equation and solve for y

−(8)+y
y=−5=3

Our solution is (8,3)


Check the solution by substituting (8,3) into both equations.

−x+y =−5
−(8)+(3) =−5 True
2x−5y=1
2(8)−5(3)= =1 True
Exercise
Solve the following system of equations by substitution.

X=y+3
4=3x−2y
Solving Systems of Equations in Two Variables by the Addition
Method

• Another method of solving systems of linear


equations is the addition method. In this method,
we add two terms with the same variable, but
opposite coefficients, so that the sum is zero. Of
course, not all systems are set up with the two
terms of one variable having opposite
coefficients. Often we must adjust one or both of
the equations by multiplication so that one
variable will be eliminated by addition.
How to: Given a system of equations,
solve using the addition method.
1.Write both equations with x- and y-variables on the left side of the
equal sign and constants on the right.
2.Write one equation above the other, lining up corresponding
variables. If one of the variables in the top equation has the opposite
coefficient of the same variable in the bottom equation, add the
equations together, eliminating one variable. If not, use multiplication
by a nonzero number so that one of the variables in the top equation
has the opposite coefficient of the same variable in the bottom
equation, then add the equations to eliminate the variable.
3.Solve the resulting equation for the remaining variable.
4.Substitute that value into one of the original equations and solve for
the second variable.
5.Check the solution by substituting the values into the other equation.
Solve the given system of equations by addition.
x+2y=−1
−x+y=3
Using the Addition Method When
Multiplication of One Equation Is Required
Solve the given system of equations by the addition
method.

3x+5y =−11
x−2y =11
Solution
Adding these equations as presented will not eliminate a
variable. However, we see that the first equation has 3x
in it and the second equation has x. So if we multiply the
second equation by −3, the x-terms will add to zero.
x−2y =11
−3(x−2y) =−3(11)Multiply both sides
by −3.
−3x+6y.=−33 Use the distributive property.
Now, let’s add them.

3x+5y =−11
−3x+6y =−33
11y=−44
y=−4
For the last step, we substitute y=−4 into one of
the original equations and solve for x

3x+5y =−11
3x+5(−4)=−11
3x−20=−11
3x=9
x=3
Our solution is the ordered pair (3,−4)
Check the solution in the original second equation.

x−2y)=11
(3)−2(−4)=3+8
=11True
Exercise
Solve the system of equations by addition.

2x−7y =2
3x+y=−20
Using the Addition Method When
Multiplication of Both Equations Is Required
Solve the given system of equations in two
variables by addition.

2x+3y =−16
5x−10y=30
Solution
One equation has 2x and the other has 5x . The least
common multiple is 10x so we will have to multiply both
equations by a constant in order to eliminate one variable.
Let’s eliminate x by multiplying the first equation by −5
and the second equation by 2.

−5(2x+3y) =−5(−16)
−10x−15y=80
2(5x−10y) =2(30)
10x−20y)=60
Then, we add the two equations together.

−10x−15y=80
10x−20y =60
−35y=140
y=−4
Substitute y=−4 into the original first equation.

2x+3(−4)2x−122xx=−16=−16=−4=−2

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