Title

Abstract
• Hardware components include eye blink sensors, vibration sensor, GSM
modules, and microcontrollers Arduino, which work together to monitor
driver behavior and detect potential accidents.

• Eye blink sensors are used to monitor the driver's eye movements and
detect signs of drowsiness or fatigue. Vibration sensor are used to detect
sudden changes in motion, such as those that occur during a collision.

• GSM modules are used to communicate with rescue centers or emergency

contacts. Microcontrollers, such as Arduino, are used to process the data
from the sensors and control the other components of the system. These
hardware components work together to provide a comprehensive solution
for driver drowsiness detection and accident reporting.
 Project Objective
• Achieving high accuracy and robustness in real-world driving
conditions is a significant challenge in developing effective driver
drowsiness detection systems. By using more sophisticated
Embedded Sensor modules, combining multiple modalities of
information, and developing robust feature extraction methods, it is
possible to create systems that can reliably detect drowsiness in a
wide range of driving conditions
 Literature Review
Babu, K. Avinash and Rao, G Eswara. 2024. "Driver Drowsiness Detection System for Accident Prevention".
https://doi.org/10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0372

• The paper addresses the pervasive issue of vehicular accidents

stemming from suboptimal driving conditions, with a particular
emphasis on driver impairment due to intoxication, fatigue, and
drowsiness.

• The study highlights the alarming statistic that approximately 20% of

accidents are attributed directly to driver fatigue, underscoring the
critical need for technological interventions to mitigate this risk.
 Literature Review
Fuzail, Syed, Krishna, Lakshmisha S, Siddiqua, Asima, Hussain, Syed Azam, and Sadaf, Zubiya. 2024. "Driver
Drowsiness and Yawn Detection with Speed based alerts". International Journal for Multidisciplinary
Research. https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i06.33719

• This project addresses the critical issue of driver fatigue and its
detrimental impact on road safety. It is designed to mitigate the risks
associated with diminished reaction time, impaired judgment, and
reduced awareness levels in drivers experiencing drowsiness, a
significant contributor to vehicular accidents.

• To combat this problem, the project centers on the development of a

web-based application capable of real-time assessment of driver
alertness and drowsiness.
 Literature Review
Madni, Hamza Ahmad, Raza, Ali, Sehar, Rukhshanda, Thalji, Nisrean, and Abualigah, Laith. 2024. "Novel Transfer
Learning Approach for Driver Drowsiness Detection Using Eye Movement Behavior". Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3392640

• This innovative system, designed to mitigate road accidents and foster

safer driving practices, utilizes the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) to
continuously monitor driver behavior and deliver timely warnings when
hazardous actions are identified.

• These sensors include an ultrasonic sensor measuring proximity to other

vehicles, an ADC MCP3008 facilitating analog-to-digital conversion of
sensor data, a GPS module providing precise location information, and
an alcohol sensor identifying potential driver intoxication.
 EXISITING SYSTEM
• Critical problem in the field of driver drowsiness detection is the need
for non-intrusive and user-friendly systems. Drivers are unlikely to
adopt systems that are uncomfortable, distracting, or require
significant effort to use. Therefore, it is essential to develop
drowsiness detection systems that are seamlessly integrated into the
vehicle and do not interfere with the driver's normal driving
experience.
 Proposed System
• Hardware components include eye blink sensors, vibration sensor, GSM
modules, and microcontrollers Arduino, which work together to monitor
driver behavior and detect potential accidents.
• Eye blink sensors are used to monitor the driver's eye movements and
detect signs of drowsiness or fatigue. Vibration sensor are used to detect
sudden changes in motion, such as those that occur during a collision.
• GSM modules are used to communicate with rescue centers or emergency
contacts. Microcontrollers, such as Arduino, are used to process the data
from the sensors and control the other components of the system. These
hardware components work together to provide a comprehensive solution
for driver drowsiness detection and accident reporting.
Proposed System Block Diagram
Proposed System Flow Diagram
 HARAWARE REQUIREMENTS
• Arduino uno Board
• GSM Modem
• LCD Display Unit
• Alcohol Sensor Module
• Vibration Sensor Module
• Robotic Vehicle Setup
• DC Gear Motor
• Bluetooth Module
• Vibration motor
• Water pump Motor
• Buzzer Unit
 Software Requirements
• Arduino IDE
• Embedded C – Language
• USB to TTL Driver
 Arduino Uno Board
• Board Features:
• The operating voltage is 5V
• The recommended input voltage will range from 7v to 12V
• The input voltage ranges from 6v to 20V
• Digital input/output pins are 14
• Analog i/p pins are 6
• DC Current for each input/output pin is 40 mA
• DC Current for 3.3V Pin is 50 mA
• Flash Memory is 32 KB
• SRAM is 2 KB
• EEPROM is 1 KB
• CLK Speed is 16 MHz
 GSM Modem
• Features:
• A 5V GSM modem, like the SIM800C, is a module that allows devices
to communicate over GSM networks, offering features like voice calls,
SMS, data transfer (GPRS), and sometimes GPS, controlled via AT
commands and operating at a 3.3V logic level.
• Controlled through standard AT commands, allowing for easy
integration with microcontrollers and other systems.
• Supports multiple GSM frequency bands (850/900/1800/1900 MHz)
for global coverage.
• Requires a SIM card (Subscriber Identity Module) for network
authentication and operation.
 Eye blink Sensor

Features:
An eye blink sensor relies on infrared technology to detect if a person's eye is closed. The sensor is made up
of two components: an infrared transmitter and an infrared receiver.

To create an eye blink sensor with an Arduino, one requires an eye blink sensor, an Arduino board, and a
switch between the power supply and the Arduino. The sensor has three pins: GND (ground), 5V, and OP
(output). The sensor's output is transmitted to the Arduino board, which can be programmed to execute
various tasks based on the output.
 Vibration Sensor

• Features:
• Vibration sensor modules, like the SW-420, typically feature a
normally closed vibration sensor, LM393 comparator for digital
output, adjustable sensitivity, and LED indicators for power and
output status, making them suitable for various applications like
alarms and vibration detection.
• This chip provides a clean, digital output (0 or 1) when vibration is
detected, and the output is a comparator output, signal clean, good
waveform, strong driving ability, >15mA.
• An onboard potentiometer allows users to adjust the vibration
threshold, controlling when the sensor triggers.
• Typically operates on a 3.3V to 5V DC supply.
 Vibration Motor

• Features: The main feature of this motor is, it has magnetic

properties, lightweight, and motor size is small. Operates 5v DC
Supply.
 Alcohol sensor Module

• Features:
• Alcohol sensor modules, like the MQ3, are designed to detect alcohol
gas concentrations, offering both digital and analog outputs, adjustable
sensitivity, and fast response times for applications like breathalyzers
and safety systems.
• Primarily designed to detect ethanol, a common alcohol found in
breath, these modules are highly sensitive to alcohol vapors.
• Analog Output: Provides a voltage proportional to the alcohol
concentration, allowing for precise measurement.
• Digital Output: Offers a simple on/off indication (high/low) when
alcohol concentration exceeds a set threshold.
 Bluetooth Module

Features:
 HC-05 is a Bluetooth module which is designed for wireless communication. This module can be used in a
master or slave configuration.It has range up to <100m which depends upon transmitter and receiver,
atmosphere, geographic & urban conditions.
 It is IEEE 802.15.1 standardized protocol, through which one can build wireless Personal Area Network
(PAN). It uses frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) radio technology to send data over air.
 It uses serial communication to communicate with devices. It communicates with microcontroller using serial
port (USART).
 Pump Motor

• Operating Voltage: 6V -9V DC

 Conclusion
• This study focus on developing driver drowsiness detection systems to
address the issue of road accidents. Researcher have explored a
variety of techniques for detecting drowsiness, including physiological
measures, behavioral measures, and vehicle-based measures.

• These studies have provided valuable insights into the effectiveness of

different approaches and have helped to advance the field of
drowsiness detection. This research effort demonstrate the
importance of addressing driver drowsiness as a road safety hazard.
 References
• [1] Nasri, Ismail, Karrouchi, Mohammed, Kassmi, K., and Messaoudi, A.. 2022. "A
Review of Driver Drowsiness Detection Systems: Techniques, Advantages and
Limitations".

• [2] Babu, K. Avinash and Rao, G Eswara. 2024. "Driver Drowsiness Detection
System for Accident Prevention".

• [3] Fuzail, Syed, Krishna, Lakshmisha S, Siddiqua, Asima, Hussain, Syed Azam, and
Sadaf, Zubiya. 2024. "Driver Drowsiness and Yawn Detection with Speed based
alerts". International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research.

• [4] Widyastuti, Nur Rachmi and Brilianti, D. F.. 2024. "The Impact of Drowsiness
on Road Traffic Accidents in Yogyakarta".