CLAIMS

in Written Texts

Reading and Writing Skills

 CLAIM
• synonymous to belief, argument,
assertion, or stand.
• state the point or position of an author
regarding a certain topic.
• It is further proven by supporting details
from various resources and reliable
evidence.
 CLAIM
• persuades, argues, convinces,
proves, or provocatively suggests
something to a reader who may or
may not initially agree with you.
• center argument or thesis statement of
the text
 Explicit CLAIM

• It is directly stated in the text. It

is when you can easily point out
the information in the passage.
 Implicit CLAIM

• It is indirectly expressed in the text

and you need to look for clues or
make inferences to understand its
meaning.
Characteristics of a
Good Claim
A claim should be
argumentative and debatable.
• It is expected for a written text to
yield objections and opposite
perspectives to appear for readers
of a text that supports a certain
stand on a topic.
• Completely factual texts are not
considered debatable.
A claim should be specific and
focused.
• With the statement of claim
limiting the scope of the written
text, it must be noted that claims
must be focused on a single topic
alone to arrive at an equally
concise and specific result or
conclusion.
A claim should be interesting
and engaging.
• It should capture the
interest of readers at
first glance and
encourage a healthy
discussion on the topic.
A claim should be
logical.
• The evidence
supporting the claim
must be reasonable at
its best.
 Types of CLAIM

• Claim of Fact
• Claim of Policy
• Claim of Value
Claim of Fact
Claim of Fact
• a statement that reports, describes
predicts, makes causal claims, or
whether something is a settled fact
• Asserts that the condition has
existed, exists or will exist.
• debates on whether the statement
is “ true or false “
Claim of Fact
• Are pieces of information which
are grounded on reliable authority
such as science or history.
Statement of Fact – facts that are
universally
accepted
Questions asked:
• Is it debatable?
• Is it verifiable?
• Is it specific?
• Can it be solved objectively ?
Types of Factual
Claims
1. Factual / historical
2. Relational – causal
connections
3. Predictive
Proof requires:
• Sufficient and appropriate grounds
• Reliable authority
• Recent data
• Accurate, typical data
• Clearly defined terms – no loaded
language
• A clear distinction between fact and
inference
Examples of Claims of
Fact
• The oldest known disease
in the world is leprosy.
• Generally, obesity causes
health problems.
Claim of Policy
Claim of Policy
• Calls for some form of action
• It states what the reader should or ought
to do about a particular situation/topic.
• Advocates a specific course of action. It
asserts that specific policies should be
instituted as solutions to problems.
• Argues that certain conditions should
exist.
Claim of Policy
• Specific statements on
procedures or laws that need
to be modified based on
certain issues or conditions.
• Asks for plans of action to
solve current problems.
Claim of Policy
• Making proposed action (clear), need
(justification), plan (must be workable),
benefit (advantages) consider opposition/
counter arguments
Example:
• To attract more non-traditional students, this
college must review and revise its course
offerings.
• The government should legalize medicinal
Claim of Value
Claim of Value
• Refer to statements that appeal to a
person’s taste and morals or the sense
of what’s good and what’s bad.
• Weighs the values according to which
is more desirable.
• It deals with topics concerning moral,
philosophical, or aesthetic aspects.
Claim of Value
• Involve judgments and
evaluations (good/bad,
right/wrong, just/unjust,
ethical/non-ethical)
• Attempts to prove that some
things are more or less
desirable than others.
Proof requires:
• Establishing standards of evaluation
• Note the priority of the value in this
instance
• Establish the advantage (practical or
moral) of your standards
• Use examples to clarify abstract
values
• Use credible authorities for support
Examples:

• It is better to be feared
than loved.
• Cheating is not good.
 Let’s try it!
1. Teachers should be given an increase
in their salary. Claim of Policy

2. The hunting ofClaim

animals is
of Value
a barbaric
practice.
3. Global warming is a threat to people
living here on Earth. Claim of Fact

4. It is immoral to participate in non-violent

strikes in the streets.
Claim of Value
5. The age at which people can get a
driver’s license must be raised to 21.
Claim of Policy
6. Increasing population threatens the
environment.
Claim of Fact
 Assessment
Types of Claim
1. Honesty is the best policy.
2. Staying late at night can
cause
obesity.
3. Smoking can lead to
respiratory infection.
4. Be kind for everyone has a
hard battle to win.
6. Extra Judicial Killings
lessen
the crimes in our
community.
7. All students must be
strictly
prohibited to bring any
gadgets at school.
 community.
9. Zero Waste Management
should be
strictly implemented in the
school
campus.
10. To compete globally, the
Department of Education
adapted
the K to 12 curriculum.
A. Read the text and write down E if
the piece of information is explicit
or write down I if it is implicit.

“Congratulations, Rosie! Your parents must be proud of you.” The

teacher greeted her with delight. It was graduation day and Rosie managed
to stand on stage and delivered her speech in front of her fellow graduates
and guests. She ended her speech thanking her Alma mater and her
parents and said, “Let us trust God’s plan.”
Rosie left the stage with tears in her eyes as the clicking of the
medals could be heard from afar.
As she approached her parents, they kissed her and gave her a big
hug and uttered, “We love you, dear! Your success is our success. We will
surely celebrate at home.
•1. The teacher congratulated Rosie.
•2. Rosie stood on stage and delivered her speech.
•3. Rosie was full of happiness.
•4. Rosie was a hard-working and intelligent student.
•5. The parents of Rosie promised to celebrate her
success.
B. Put a check mark (✓) if the
statement is a claim of fact and
put a cross mark (X) if it is not.

• The Department of Education shows its readiness on the ‘new normal’

in the teaching and learning process.
•2. Curfew must be enforced by parents to their children.
•3. Vaping can have the same side effects as smoking.
•4. The closing of Philippine borders to tourists is one way to slow down
the spread of COVID-19.
•5. Doing videos in TikTok is more exciting than vlogging.
•6. Research says that people can reduce stress by taking a nap.
•7. It is more beneficial for a child to grow up speaking more than one
language than knowing only his or her mother tongue.
•8. National ID system should now be implemented in the Philippines.
•9. Neil Armstrong made a history as the first man to walk on the moon.
•10. Watching K-Drama is the best form of entertainment.
On a separate
sheet, copy and
complete the
table below by
listing the
needed
information.
•On a separate sheet of paper, write a 150-word paragraph on a topic about
“Social Media: Benefits and Drawbacks”. In this essay, you are REQUIRED to use
claims such as claim of fact which you learned from the lesson. INDICATE the
claim(s)you used and write it at the bottommost part of your paper. You are free
to encode and print it on a bond paper. A rubric is attached for your reference on
checking the essay. The highest point that you can get for each criterion is five
(5). Otherwise, if the description for each criterion is not met, you will get four
(4) points. This writing activity will have a total score of 20.
Claim of Policy

Lesson 2
•In this lesson, you are expected to learn how to
determine another type of claim in a written text.
Claim is described as a debatable set of words or a
concept that allows the source to influence the receiver
for acceptance. It is equated to an opinion, idea, or
assertion.
•Claim has been associated with words such as belief,
argument, assertion or stand. It can be classified
according to method and nature. Explicit claim and
implicit claim are types of claim based on method.
On the other hand, claim of fact, claim of policy and
claim of value are types of claim based on nature.
•In the last module, you have learned that
claim of fact is an argument that is based
on reality, it considers time (past, present,
and future). Now, we’re moving on to the
claim of policy.
•Reveal the
mystery term by
finding the
keywords from
the puzzle. List
down the key
words and the
mystery word on
a separate sheet.
•Claim of policy is the argument
where actions should be carried
out. Basically, it is perceived as
a relatively direct statement.
This claim can also be called
claim of solution because it
suggests and supports policies
and solutions, and the action to
be taken is based on the
results. You will know if a
statement is a claim of policy if
there is an action to be done or
a solution to be taken.
 •1. Gender equality should be
Analyze each supported by every Filipino.
statement •Is there an action to be done?
•If yes, what is that action?
below. Then
•What type of claim is this?
answer the •2. The pandemic which the world is
guide experiencing takes away lives; thus,
questions on Filipinos are ought to stay at home.
a separate •Is there an action to be done?
sheet. •If yes, what is that action?
•What type of claim is this?
•3. The Bayanihan to Heal as One Act is
implemented to fight COVID 19 crisis
and therefore should be obeyed.
•Is there an action to be done?
•If yes, what is that action?
•What type of claim is this?
•4. Spreading fake news amid pandemic
will not help at all; hence, by all means,
it should be stopped.
•Is there an action to be done?
•If yes, what is that action?
•What type of claim is this?
•5. Frontliners save lives while
sacrificing their own;
discrimination against these
people should not be
tolerated.
•Is there an action to be done?
•If yes, what is that action?
•What type of claim is this?
•Complete the sentence by writing down the letter of the correct word.
•A. Should C. Intervention
•E. discipline G. action
•B. Result D. Comparison
•F. problem H. love
•1. Claim of policy is also called claim of solution because it proposes
____________ to solve the existing problem.
•2. ______________ is the main element of claim of policy.
•3. The suggested action is based on the identified ______________.
•4. “Ought”, “must”, and _____________ can be directly or indirectly
stated in the claim.
•5. In claim of policy, one can notice the possible solution because there
is an existing __________________.
•Pretend that you are one of the officers of the Supreme
Student Government (SSG) in your school and you are
tasked to write a report about your school. The report
should contain three current problems or concerns
experienced by students like you. More so, a possible
solution for each problem should also be proposed. Merge
your identified problems and solutions to produce three
claims of policy. Be guided by the rubric that follows.
Claim of Value
Lesson 3
•In this lesson, you are going to learn more about
another type of claim – something that allows the
readers to decide what should or should not be
valued. It is beyond facts and beyond policies but
surely appeals to your emotions and justifications.
Later in this lesson, you are expected to be able to
identify different types of claims from a written
text.
•Previously, you have learned that claim
of policy is an argument that offers
solutions based on the identified
problems. Action is its main core; thus,
its end result is when a certain action
has been taken or implemented.
However, other than taking action,
making justification is also as important.
So, this will be the focus of this lesson.
•On a separate sheet, write the answer to the riddle to reveal the mystery
word.
•You caught me first at home but over the years, you formed me in school.
• Claim of value is an argument based on morality, belief, ethics, or philosophy. It
is influentially stated by combining limited facts and proving them as either good or bad
by targeting the reader’s emotion.

• It is also called claim of judgment because the reader has to decide whether the
argument or proposition is right or wrong or has to be accepted or rejected. In other
words, this type of claim is more appealing to the reader’s subjectivity. If the argument
challenges the decision-making or judgment leading to acceptance or rejection of the
reader, then it is considered to be a claim of value.
 A. Does it appeal to your judgment?
Answer the B. Is it right or wrong?
three C. What type of claim is this?
questions 1. Bullying will never be right.
2. Security is more important than
relative to the privacy.
listed issues. 3. In the midst of pandemic, restriction
is much better than individual
Write your freedom.
answers on a 4. Fake news is not worthy of our
attention.
separate 5. Discriminating our front liners who
sheet. save our lives does not make sense.
•Write the letter of the word which completes the statement. Use a
separate sheet.
•A. Result
•E. action
•B. evaluation
•F. judgment
•C. emotion
•G. problem
•D. bad
•H. ethics
•1. Claim of value appeals to __________.
•2. Words like good or __________ allow us to recognize
claim of value.
•3. Claim of value is also called __________ because it
persuades the readers to decide whether to value or not an
argument.
•4. Morality, philosophy, belief, or __________ are
references of claim of value.
•5. Acceptance and rejection must be done with claim of
value after the argument undergoes thorough comparison
and __________.
On a separate
sheet, write
an acrostic
poem about
the essence
of claim of
value.