Cell Structure

& Function

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Concept of Cell Theory
 Cell Theory
• All living things are made up of cells.
• Cells are the smallest working units of all
living things.
• All cells come from preexisting cells
through cell division.
Definition of Cell
 Definition of Cell

A cell is the smallest unit that is

Plant Stem

Bacteria

Red Blood Cell

Nerve Cell
 Two Types of Cells

•Prokaryotic
Archaea bacteria and Eubacteria

•Eukaryotic
Plant, Animal, Fungi, Protist
 Prokaryotic
• Do not have
structures
surrounded by
membranes
• Few internal
structures
• One-celled
organisms,
Bacteria

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 Eukaryotic
• Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
• Most living organisms
Plant Animal

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 “Typical” Animal Cell

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 “Typical” Plant Cell

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Cell Parts
Organelles
Surrounding the Cell
 Cell Membrane
• Outer membrane of cell
that controls movement
in and out of the cell
• Double layer

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 Cell Wall
• Most commonly found
in plant cells &
bacteria
• Supports & protects
cells

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Inside the Cell
 Nucleus

• Directs cell activities

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 Chromosomes
• In nucleus
• Made of DNA
• Contain instructions
for traits &
characteristics

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 Nucleolus
• Inside nucleus
• Contains RNA to build
proteins

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 Cytoplasm
• Gel-like mixture
• Surrounded by cell membrane
• Contains hereditary material
 Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Moves materials around
in cell
• Smooth type: lacks
ribosomes
• Rough type (pictured):
ribosomes embedded in
surface

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 Ribosomes
• Each cell contains
thousands
• Make proteins
• Found on ribosomes
& floating throughout
the cell

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 Mitochondria
• Produces energy through
chemical reactions –
breaking down fats &
carbohydrates
• Controls level of water and
other materials in cell
• Recycles and decomposes
proteins, fats, and
carbohydrates

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 Golgi Bodies
• Protein 'packaging
plant'
• Move materials within
the cell
• Move materials out of
the cell

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 Lysosome
• Digestive 'plant' for
proteins, fats, and
carbohydrates
• Transports undigested
material to cell
membrane for removal
• Cell breaks down if
lysosome explodes

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 Vacuoles
• Membrane-bound
sacs for storage,
digestion, and waste
removal
• Contains water
solution
• Help plants maintain
shape

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 Chloroplast
• Usually found in plant
cells
• Contains green
chlorophyll
• Where
photosynthesis takes
place

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• LOCOMOTIONa

For LOCOMOTION
 Its important roles in metabolism, reactive
oxygen species detoxification, and signaling.
 Two Types of Cells

•Prokaryotic
•Eukaryotic
 Prokaryotic
• Do not have
structures
surrounded by
membranes
• Few internal
structures
• One-celled
organisms,
Bacteria

http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html
 Eukaryotic
• Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
• Most living organisms
Plant Animal

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