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Acids & Bases: DR Vijay

This document discusses acids and bases. It defines acids as substances that donate protons in solutions, and bases as substances that accept protons. Strong acids rapidly dissociate and release large amounts of H+ ions, while weak acids have less tendency to dissociate H+ ions. pH is defined as the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion activity and normal pH of body fluids is 7.35-7.45. Buffers help prevent excessive changes in hydrogen ion concentration by rapidly reacting with H+ ions. The bicarbonate buffer system is the most important extracellular buffer and helps regulate blood pH through the kidneys and lungs. Disorders of acid-base balance include acidosis from excess acid or alkali loss, and alk

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212 views15 pages

Acids & Bases: DR Vijay

This document discusses acids and bases. It defines acids as substances that donate protons in solutions, and bases as substances that accept protons. Strong acids rapidly dissociate and release large amounts of H+ ions, while weak acids have less tendency to dissociate H+ ions. pH is defined as the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion activity and normal pH of body fluids is 7.35-7.45. Buffers help prevent excessive changes in hydrogen ion concentration by rapidly reacting with H+ ions. The bicarbonate buffer system is the most important extracellular buffer and helps regulate blood pH through the kidneys and lungs. Disorders of acid-base balance include acidosis from excess acid or alkali loss, and alk

Uploaded by

dr vijay
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ACIDS &

BASES
DR Vijay
1/12/2008
Acids & Bases
• Acids are chemical
substances that can
donate protons in
solutions. HCl, H2CO3
• Base is a substance that
accepts protons or
hydrogen ions. HCO3-,
Strong and weak acids &
bases
• Strong acid is one that rapidly
dissociates & releases large
amount of H+ ions in solution.
• Weak acids have less tendency
to dissociate H+
• Strong base is one that reacts
rapidly & strongly with H+ &
therefore quickly removes these
from a solution.
pH
• pH of a solution is defined as
the negative logarithm of
hydrogen ion activity.
• Normal pH of the body fluids
is 7.35 – 7.45
• Arterial blood pH = 7.4
• Interstitial fluid & venous
blood = 7.35
• pH < 7.35 – acidosis
Metabolic sources of
acids
Fixed acids or non volatile
Volatile acids
acids

• Phosphoric • Physiological
acids ly important
• Sulfuric acids volatile acid
• Pyruvic acids is carbonic
• Lactic acids acid
• Keto acids H2CO3
• Uric acids
Metabolic sources of
bases
• Catabolism of few food
materials produces bases.
• Citrate salts of fruit juices
may produce bicarbonate
salt.
• Deamination of amino
acids produce ammonia.
Regulatory mechanisms
against changes in hydrogen
ion concentration of blood
3 mechanisms
2.Buffer system
3.The respiratory
mechanisms
4.Renal mechanisms
What is Buffer?
• Buffer is a mixture of
a weak acid & a salt
of its conjugate base.
Buffer + H 
+

  
Buffer system & their role
in acid base balance
• Prevents excessive changes
in hydrogen ion
concentration.
• Reacts within a fraction of a
second
• E.g. Bicarbonate buffer
Phosphate buffer
Protein buffer
Bicarbonate buffer
system
• Most important
extracellular buffer
• Plays important role in
maintaining blood pH
• Regulated by kidney &
lungs
• At pH 7.4 HCO - /H CO
Mechanism of action of
bicarbonate buffer
HCO3 +- H +     
    
          
   
Respiratory regulation
Fall in pH
↓
Stimulation of
chemoreceptors
↓
Hyperventilation
↓
Renal mechanism in acid base
balance
• By maintaining the
bicarbonate ion
concentration (alkali
reserve) in the
plasma.
• By formation &
4 key reactions
1.Exchange of H+ for Na+ of
tubular fluid
2.Reabsorption of
bicarbonate from tubular
fluid
3.Excretion of H+ ion as
NH4+ in the form of NH4Cl
Disorders of acid base
balance
• Acidosis : accumulation of
excess acid or loss of alkali from
the body.
• Alkalosis : accumulation of
excess alkali or loss of acid from
the body.
• Metabolic acidosis & Metabolic
alkalosis
• Respiratory acidosis &

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