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Switching and Vlan

The document discusses the differences between Layer 2 and Multilayer switches, highlighting their capabilities in forwarding decisions based on MAC and IP addresses, respectively. It also explains VLANs, their characteristics, types, and inter-VLAN routing options, including legacy methods and more scalable solutions like Router-on-a-Stick and Layer 3 switches. Additionally, it covers the structure of data frames and the significance of various fields within them.

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erdis0338
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9 views71 pages

Switching and Vlan

The document discusses the differences between Layer 2 and Multilayer switches, highlighting their capabilities in forwarding decisions based on MAC and IP addresses, respectively. It also explains VLANs, their characteristics, types, and inter-VLAN routing options, including legacy methods and more scalable solutions like Router-on-a-Stick and Layer 3 switches. Additionally, it covers the structure of data frames and the significance of various fields within them.

Uploaded by

erdis0338
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SWITCHING AND

VLAN/TRUNK
Layer 2 vs. Multilayer Switches

Layer 2 vs. Multilayer Switches


• Layer 2 Switch
‣An Ethernet switch that makes forwarding decisions based on
destination MAC addresses
‣Might support additional features such as VLAN segmentation and
Quality of Service (QoS)
Multilayer Switch (a.k.a. Layer 3 Switch)
‣An Ethernet switch that can optionally make forwarding decisions
based on destination IP addresses
‣Might support dynamic routing protocols (e.g., OSPF), inter-VLAN
routing, and DHCP-relay
‣Also supports the feature set found in a Layer 2 switch
Examining the MAC Address
Table
Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)

Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)


The Frame

•Data is encapsulated by the data link layer with a header and a trailer
to form a frame.
•A data link frame has three parts:
• Header
• Data
• Trailer
The fields of the header and trailer vary according to data link layer
protocol.

The amount of control information carried with in the frame varies


according to access control information and logical topology.
• Préambule: Une séquence d'octets spécifiques qui permet aux cartes réseau de
se synchroniser avant le début de la trame.

• délimiteur de début de trame (SFD): Marque le début de la trame proprement


dite.

• Adresse MAC de destination: L'adresse physique (MAC) de la carte réseau à


laquelle la trame est destinée.

• Adresse MAC de source: L'adresse MAC de la carte réseau qui a envoyé la trame.

• Type/Longueur: Indique la taille des données contenues dans la trame et le type


de protocole utilisé (par exemple, IPv4, IPv6, ARP, etc.).

• Données: Les données à transmettre, telles que les données d'un paquet IP.
Field Description
Frame Start and Stop Identifies beginning and end of frame

Addressing Indicates source and destination nodes

Type Identifies encapsulated Layer 3 protocol

Control Identifies flow control services

Data Contains the frame payload

Error Detection Used for determine transmission errors


VLAN Definitions
VLANs are logical connections with other similar devices.
Placing devices into various VLANs have the following characteristics:
• Provides segmentation of the various groups of devices on the same switches
• Provide organization that is more manageable
• Broadcasts, multicasts and unicasts are isolated in the individual VLAN
• Each VLAN will have its own unique range of IP addressing
• Smaller broadcast domains
Types of VLANs
Default VLAN
VLAN 1 is the following:
• The default VLAN
• The default Native VLAN
• The default Management VLAN
• Cannot be deleted or renamed

Note: While we cannot delete VLAN1 Cisco will recommend that we assign these default features to
other VLANs
VLAN Ranges

• The range of VLANs (1 – 4094) is divided into two sections:


• Normal VLANs: 1 – 1005
• Extended VLANs: 1006 – 4094
●Some older devices cannot use the extended VLAN range, however it’s
safe to expect that modern switches will support the extended VLAN range
Inter-VLAN Routing Operation
•There are three inter-VLAN routing options:
• Legacy Inter-VLAN routing - This is a legacy solution. It does not scale
well.
• Router-on-a-Stick - This is an acceptable solution for a small to medium-
sized network.
• Layer 3 switch using switched virtual interfaces (SVIs) - This is the
most scalable solution for medium to large organizations.
Legacy Inter-VLAN Routing
• The first inter-VLAN routing solution relied on using a router
with multiple Ethernet interfaces. Each router interface was
connected to a switch port in different VLANs. The router
interfaces served as the default gateways to the local hosts on
the VLAN subnet.
• Legacy inter-VLAN routing using physical interfaces works, but
it has a significant limitation. It is not reasonably scalable
because routers have a limited number of physical interfaces.
Requiring one physical router interface per VLAN quickly
exhausts the physical interface capacity of a router.
• Note: This method of inter-VLAN routing is no longer
implemented in switched networks and is included for
explanation purposes only
• Router-on-a-Stick Scenario
• In the figure, the R1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 interface is connected to the
S1 FastEthernet 0/5 port. The S1 FastEthernet 0/1 port is connected to
the S2 FastEthernet 0/1 port. These are trunk links that are required to
forward traffic within and between VLANs.
• To route between VLANs, the R1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 interface is
logically divided into three subinterfaces, as shown in the table. The table
also shows the three VLANs that will be configured on the switches.
• Assume that R1, S1, and S2 have initial basic configurations. Currently,
PC1 and PC2 cannot ping each other because they are on separate
networks. Only S1 and S2 can ping each other, but they but are
unreachable by PC1 or PC2 because they are also on different networks.
• To enable devices to ping each other, the switches must be configured
with VLANs and trunking, and the router must be configured for inter-
VLAN routing.

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