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Lecture 10 Data Structures

The document provides an overview of data structures in computer science, focusing on lists and dictionaries. It explains how lists can store multiple values and perform various operations like appending and inserting elements, while dictionaries map keys to values without a specific order. Additionally, it covers debugging techniques and iterating through dictionary entries.

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naodmelaku.1968
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4 views

Lecture 10 Data Structures

The document provides an overview of data structures in computer science, focusing on lists and dictionaries. It explains how lists can store multiple values and perform various operations like appending and inserting elements, while dictionaries map keys to values without a specific order. Additionally, it covers debugging techniques and iterating through dictionary entries.

Uploaded by

naodmelaku.1968
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 37

DATA

STRUCTURES
REVIEW: WHAT ARE DATA
STRUCTURES?
In computer science, a data
structure is a particular way of
organizing data in a computer so that
it can be used efficiently.
REVIEW: LISTS
 A List is a kind of Collection

 A collection allows us to put many values in a

single “variable”
 A collection is nice because we can carry many

values around in one convenient package.


REVIEW: LIST OPERATIONS
>>> a_list = ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e",
"f"]
>>> a_list[1:3]
['b', 'c']
>>> a_list[:4]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
REVIEW: LOOKING INSIDE
LISTS
Just like strings, we can get at any single
element in a list using an index specified
in square brackets
‘Homer ‘Marge
‘Bart' ‘Lisa’
’ ’
0 1 2 3
LIST ARGUMENTS

Write a function that determines


the length of a list
LIST APPEND METHOD

>>> t1 = [1, 2]

>>> t1.append(3)

>>> print(t1)

[1, 2, 3]
LIST INSERT METHOD

>>> l = [1, 2]

>>> l.insert (2,4)

>>> print(l)

[1, 2, 4]
LIST INSERT METHOD

>>> l = [1, 2]

>>> l.insert (23,4)

>>> print(l)

[1, 2, 4]
LIST INSERT METHOD

>>> l = [1, 2]

>>> l.insert (1,4)

>>> print(l)

[1, 4, 2]
LIST METHODS
>>> t1 = [1, 2]
>>> t2 = t1.append(3)
>>> print(t1)
[1,2,3]
>>> print(t2)
None
‘is’ OPERATOR
Given two strings

a = ‘banana’
b = ‘banana’

We know that a and b both refer to a


string.
‘is’ OPERATOR
>>> a = 'banana'
>>> b = 'banana'
>>> a == b
True
‘is’ OPERATOR
>>> a = 'banana'
>>> b = 'banana'
>>> a is b
True
‘is’ OPERATOR
>>> a = [1,2]
>>> b = [1,2]
>>> a == b
True
‘is’ OPERATOR
>>> a = [1,2]
>>> b = [1,2]
>>> a is b
False
DEBUGGING
t = [1,2]
# add element 4 to list t
t.append([4])
t = t.append(4)
t + [4]
t=t+4
DICTIONARY
DICTIONARY
Dictionary is like a list, but more general.

In a list, the indices have to be integers;

in a dictionary they can be (almost) any


type.
DICTIONARY

A dictionary is a mapping between


KEYS and set of Values.

key-value pair
DICTIONARY
 Lists index their entries based on the position

in the list.
 Dictionaries are like bags - no order

 So we index the things we put in the dictionary

with a “lookup tag”


DICTIONARY

>>> eng2sp = {}
dict()

>>> print(eng2sp)

{}
DICTIONARY

>>> eng2sp[‘one’] = ‘uno’

>>> print(eng2sp)

{'one': 'uno'}
DICTIONARY

>>> eng2sp = {'one': 'uno', 'two': 'dos',


'three': 'tres'}

>>> print(eng2sp)

{'three': 'tres', 'two': 'dos', 'one': 'uno'}


DICTIONARY

The order of the key-value pairs is not the


same. In fact, if you type the same
example on your computer, you might get
a different result. In general, the order of
items in a dictionary is unpredictable.
DICTIONARY

>>> item_price = {}

>>> item_price[‘milk’] = 10

>>> print(item_price[‘milk’])

10
DICTIONARY

>>> item_price = {}

>>> item_price[‘milk’] = 10

>>> print(item_price[‘sugar’])

KeyError: ‘sugar’
DICTIONARY

>>> number_of_days = {‘January’:


31, ‘February’: 28, ‘March’: 31}

>>> number_of_days[‘February’]
DEBUGGING
Key Error

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>

KeyError: 3
ITERATION ON
DICTIONARIES
Even though dictionaries are not stored in
order, we can write a for loop that goes
through all the entries in a dictionary -
actually it goes through all of the keys in the
dictionary and looks up the values
ITERATION
eng2sp = {'one': 'uno', 'two': 'dos',
'three': 'tres'}

for k in eng2sp:
print(k)
ITERATION: VALUES
eng2sp = {'one': 'uno', 'two': 'dos',
'three': 'tres'}

for k in eng2sp:
print(eng2sp[k])
‘in’ OPERATOR
>>> eng2sp = {'one': 'uno', 'two': 'dos', 'three':
'tres'}

>>> ‘one’ in eng2sp


True
>>> ‘uno’ in eng2sp
False
DEMO: CHARACTER
COUNTER
(HISTOGRAM)
WHAT DATA TYPES CAN NOT
BE KEYS
RETRIEVING LISTS OF KEYS
AND VALUES
>>> counts.keys()

>>> counts.values()

>>> counts.items()

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