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Programming for Beginners Introduction

The document provides an overview of computers, explaining their definition, functionality, and the basic operations involved in processing data. It details the input, storage, processing, and output components of a computer, including the roles of various devices and memory types. The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is highlighted as the key component responsible for processing information, with its main parts being the Control Unit, Arithmetic Logic Unit, and Registers.

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8 views8 pages

Programming for Beginners Introduction

The document provides an overview of computers, explaining their definition, functionality, and the basic operations involved in processing data. It details the input, storage, processing, and output components of a computer, including the roles of various devices and memory types. The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is highlighted as the key component responsible for processing information, with its main parts being the Control Unit, Arithmetic Logic Unit, and Registers.

Uploaded by

venom34545
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Programming for

Beginners
CBC2 – PROGRAMMING FOR
BEGINNERS
What is a Computer?
- A computer is an electronic device that is able to process
and manipulate data, perform calculations, carry out
instructions, and store information. From simple operations
like word processing and web browsing to complicated ones
like scientific simulations, video editing, and artificial
intelligence, computers are utilized for a broad variety of
jobs and applications.
How does a computer work?
- A computer's ability to process data, carry out commands, and
carry out various activities is made possible by a number of basic
operations and parts:

PROCESSING
INPUT STORAGE OUTPUT
(PROCESS)

IPO (Input, Process, Output) diagram


How does a computer work?
INPUT - Using devices like keyboards, mouse, scanners,
digital cameras, joysticks, and microphones, users can input
any type of data into a computer, which is a machine that
processes that data. The information delivered is referred to
as input, and these devices are known as input devices.
How does a computer work?
STORAGE- The data needs to be stored on the computer's memory, which is a
type of storage. There are two types of computer memory or storage.
- The internal storage that is utilized in computers is called primary memory,
sometimes known as RAM (Random Access Memory), and it is situated on the
motherboard. RAM may be readily accessed or changed in any sequence or at
random. This memory is volatile, which means that when the computer is
switched off, the data that was kept in RAM is lost.
How does a computer work?
Secondary Memory or ROM (Read-Only Memory): Read-only
information (data) is permanently kept in ROM (non volatile). A
computer must be started using the stored instruction in the ROM.
How does a computer work?
Processing: Operations performed on this data (input) are referred to
as processing. The Central Processing Unit, or CPU as it is more often
called, processes information.
Three primary components of a CPU
1. Control Unit - supervises the execution of instructions, retrieves and decodes
instructions, and regulates data flow.
2. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) - Performs arithmetic and logical operations
such addition, subtraction, and logical.
3. Registers - quick, compact storage units that are used to manipulate and hold
data while instructions are being executed.
How does a computer work?
Output: The computer produces output after processing the input.
This output might be in the form of text, graphics, sound, or other
types of data. Monitors, speakers, printers, and other devices are
frequently used to display the processing phase's results to users.
Devices that display output data are called output devices.

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