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Week 5 APW

The document outlines the writing process, which consists of three stages: prewriting, while writing, and post writing. It details prewriting strategies such as brainstorming, clustering, and listing, and emphasizes the importance of effective paragraph structure, including a topic sentence, supporting details, and a concluding sentence. Additionally, it highlights the significance of unity, coherence, and the use of transitional words in writing.

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Hassam Ali Khan
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4 views21 pages

Week 5 APW

The document outlines the writing process, which consists of three stages: prewriting, while writing, and post writing. It details prewriting strategies such as brainstorming, clustering, and listing, and emphasizes the importance of effective paragraph structure, including a topic sentence, supporting details, and a concluding sentence. Additionally, it highlights the significance of unity, coherence, and the use of transitional words in writing.

Uploaded by

Hassam Ali Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Writing process and

paragraph writing
Writing Process

Writing is a process and it is divided into three major stages.


1. Prewriting
2. While writing
3. Post writing
Prewriting

It is the first stage of the writing process and it helps in:


• getting ideas onto paper to organize them later
• exploring your background knowledge on a topic.
Types of Prewriting Strategies

Some commonly used prewriting strategies:


• Brainstorming
• Listing
• Clustering
Brainstorming

• Capture all your ideas and thoughts on a piece of paper.


• Writing down as many ideas on your paper as you can.
• Do not filter the ideas at this stage.
Brainstorming Sample
Clustering:
To begin to cluster, choose a word that is central to the topic of your writing.
Clustering Sample
Listing:
It means doing just what its name suggests -- listing possible topics and then
sub-lists of things you could say about each topic.
Paragraph Writing
A paragraph is a collection of related sentences dealing with a
single topic.
Effective Paragraphs

There are four essential elements of an effective paragraph:


• A topic sentence
• Supporting details
• Conclusion
• Language: Unity, Coherence and Transition words
The Topic Sentence
• A topic sentence indicates what idea or thesis the paragraph is going to deal
with.
• A well-organized paragraph supports or develops a single controlling idea,
which is expressed in a sentence called the topic sentence.
• It unifies the content of a paragraph and directs the order of the sentences
• It should represent the overall idea that governs the rest of the paragraph’s
content.
• It usually comes at the beginning of the paragraph.
Structure of a Topic Sentence
A topic sentence: a limited topic + a specific feeling or thought or assertion about
that topic.

Example:
The fear that women feel (limited topic) comes partly from
the concept related to this honor killing (a specific thought
about the topic)
Supporting Details

The topic of a paragraph needs to be developed adequately,


• Examples and illustrations
• Cite data (facts, statistics, evidence, details)
• Quotes and paraphrases
• Anecdote or story
• Define terms in the paragraph
The Concluding Sentence

This is the last sentence of a paragraph.


● It reminds readers about the topic sentence
● It restates the main idea by using the paraphrasing technique.
Unity
• It is one of the most important characteristics.
• The entire paragraph should maintain a single focus.
• The topic sentence, supporting details and the concluding sentence
should present thoughts on the same idea.
Coherence

Coherence means:
▪ all the ideas in a paragraph flow smoothly from one sentence to the
next sentence.
▪ the connection of ideas at the idea level
Transitional Words

▪ Transitional words and phrases are also called signal words.


▪ Using transitional words helps achieve clear and coherent communication
with your audience.

▪ Examples: earlier, former, formerly, after all, along the same lines, also,
accordingly, as a consequence, as a result, as a result of, because etc.
Q. Write two or three topic sentences for each of the following topics. In other words, give two
or three controlling ideas for the same topic.

Example:
Topic: cell phones
Topic sentences: 1. Using a cell phone while driving can be dangerous.
2.There are certain rules of cellphone manners that everyone should know.
3.Cell phones have changed the way we
communicate .

Topics:
• Learning from mistakes
• Setting career goals
• Why teamwork matters
• Balancing work and study

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