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Modular and Equation Aproach

The document discusses modular approaches to process simulation, highlighting two types: sequential and simultaneous. The sequential approach involves creating computational modules for each process unit, while the simultaneous approach incorporates linear models for output values based on input values. Both methods aim to efficiently calculate material and energy balances in complex chemical plant configurations.

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Joseph Blakestein
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6 views7 pages

Modular and Equation Aproach

The document discusses modular approaches to process simulation, highlighting two types: sequential and simultaneous. The sequential approach involves creating computational modules for each process unit, while the simultaneous approach incorporates linear models for output values based on input values. Both methods aim to efficiently calculate material and energy balances in complex chemical plant configurations.

Uploaded by

Joseph Blakestein
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Modular Approaches to Process Simulation

Design Mode Analysis Mode

Output are specified first output are not specified first.

Less Stable More Stable


Calculating the material and energy balances is the most tedious and repetitive
problem of process design. Carrying out simple material balances is enough in the
initial stages of the flowsheet study. However, in the later stages of the design
study, heat and mass balances must be calculated along with the equilibrium and
rate equations, P-V-T relations, and those governing counter-current operations.
Generally, all these equations are strongly non-linear. Moreover, in the simplest of
the cases, if a process is of a sequential configuration, as shown)], it is easy to
proceed from the feed streams until the products are obtained calculating
sequentially for one process unit after the other.
However, majority of the chemical plants are of complex configuration consisting
of recycle of streams such as mass or energy or both. They represent the
interlinked networks of units. In such cases, it is essential to decompose the
network in order to make the calculation procedure sequential, which in turn
requires convergence promotion.
Modular Approach are of two types 1) Sequential 2) Simultaneous

Sequential: This approach involves collecting equations and constraints for each process
unit into a separate computational subroutine or module. This concept is known as ‘unit
computation’. Thus, each module calculates values pertaining to the output streams for the
given input conditions and parameters for that process unit or equipment, irrespective of
the source of input information or the sink of output information
Using this concept, it is possible to create a library of
modules and use them for a variety of flowsheets.
The sequential part of the approach involves
carrying out calculations from module to module,
starting with the feed streams until products are
obtained. In order to make it totally sequential, it is
then necessary to identify recycle loops of units in a
given flowsheet and to ‘tear’ certain streams.

Tearing of streams
Structural Components of sequential modular program

1. A store of physical and thermodynamic properties for pure chemical species and
their mixtures.
2. A system-working database derived from the store as well as the problem input.
3. Individual module database derived from the working database.
4. Modules or subroutines for individual process units, computational procedures
including input/output for each module, and internally iterated variables, if any.
5. Flowsheet topology to be used by the system executive to order computational
sequence. This is usually defined by a ‘process matrix’ which specifies standard unit
modules for use in simulation of a particular process along with identification numbers,
positive for input streams and negative for the output streams.
6. Routines for the recycle calculations and convergence analysis.
7. Other mathematical service routines.
Simultaneous Modular approach

In this type of approach, the unit modules are similar to those in the sequential
modular approach. However, the main difference is that for each unit, an
additional module is written, which approximately relates each output value by a
linear combination of all input values.

Thus for the given input xil, xi2, ..., xin for module i and equipment parameters ui;
the exact model for module i could be written as

y denotes output values and β coefficients of linear


equations. Let us assume that for a given system of
nodes, the feed stream values are specified. This
means we represent the actual process by two
models: (a) the exact model and (b) the linear
model. The unknowns of the linear model (β i j k are
determined by the simultaneous modular approach
Refer pg 299 B V Babu book

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