LINEAR

EQUATIONS IN
TWO VARIABLES
Definition of Linear
Equation In
Two Variables
• A linear equation in two variable x and y
is an equation that can be written in the
form ax + by + c = 0, where a ,b and c
are real numbers and a and b is not equal
to 0.
• Example: 2x+3y=20
if we take x=10,y=0 as solution,
We get 2(10)+3(0)=20
=> 20=20
L.H.S=R.H.S.
 Types of Solutions
• One solution – the lines of two
equations intersects at only one point.
(one solution)
Also known as consistent lines
• No solution – the lines of the equations
don’t intersect.(no solution)
Also known as inconsistent lines
• Infinite solutions – the lines are
coincident
Also known as consistent/dependent lines
Types of Solutions

Consistent lines Inconsistent lines

Consistent lines
(infinite solutions)
 Solving
Linear
A pair of linear equations in
Equations
two variables can be solved
by the:

(i) Graphical method

(ii) Algebraic method

2x –y = -1 ---(1)
x 0 2
2x +1 = y Y 1 5
Y = 2x + 1
x 3 -1
3x + 2y = 9 --- (2) Y 0 6
2y = 9 – 3x
2Y = 9- 3x
To solve a pair of linear equations in
two variables algebraically, we have
following methods:-
(i) Substitution method
(ii) Elimination method
(iii) Cross-multiplication method
 Substitution
STEPS
Method
1.Obtain the two equations. Let the equations be
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 ----------- (i)
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 ----------- (ii)
2.Choose either of the two equations, say (i) and
find the value of one variable , say ‘y’ in terms of x
3.Substitute the value of y, obtained in the previous
step in equation (ii) to get an equation in x
 Ste
4. ps obtained in the
Solve the equation
previous step to get the value of x.
5. Substitute the value of x and get
the value of y.
Let us take an example
x + 2y = -1 ------------------ (i)
2x – 3y = 12 -----------------(ii)
 x + 2y = -1
x = -2y -1 ------- (iii)
Substituting the value of x in
equation (ii), we get
2x – 3y = 12
2 ( -2y – 1) – 3y = 12
- 4y – 2 – 3y = 12
- 7y = 14
=> y = -2
Putting the value of y in eq. (iii), we
get
x = - 2y -1
x = - 2 x (-2) – 1
=4–1
=3
Hence the solution of the
equation is
( 3, - 2 )
Elimination Method
• In this method, we eliminate
one of the two variables to
obtain an equation in one
variable which can easily be
solved. Putting the value of
this variable in any of the
given equations, the value of
the other variable can be
obtained.
For example: we want to solve,
3x + 2y = 11
2x + 3y = 4
Let 3x + 2y = 11 --------- (i)
2x + 3y = 4 ---------(ii)
Multiply 3 in equation (i) and 2 in equation (ii) and
subtracting eq iv from iii, we get
9x + 6y = 33 ------ (iii)
4x + 6y = 8 ------- (iv)
5x = 25
x=5
• putting the value of X in equation
(ii) we get,
2x + 3y = 4
2 x 5 + 3y = 4
10 + 3y = 4
3y = 4 – 10
3y = - 6
y=-2
Hence, x = 5 and y = -2
 Cross Multiplication
Method
To solve this pair of equations
for x and y using CROSS
MULTIPLICATION METHOD , we’ll
arrange the variables and their
coefficients a1 , a2 , b1 , b2 and
constant terms c1 , c2
Cross Multiplication
Method
Ste
ps
Applications of Linear
Equations
• In the Kitchen
If you've ever doubled a favorite recipe, you've
applied a linear equation. If one cake equals 1/2
cup of butter, 2 cups of flour, 3/4 tsp. of baking
powder, three eggs and 1 cup of sugar and milk,
then two cakes equal 1 cup of butter, 4 cups of
flour, 1 1/2 tsp. of baking powder, six eggs and
2 cups of sugar and milk. To get twice the
output, you put in twice the input. You might not
have known you were using a linear equation,
but that's exactly what you did.
Applications of Linear
Equations
• Melting Snow
Suppose a water district wants to know how
much snowmelt runoff it can expect this year.
The melt comes from a big valley, and every
year the district measures the snowpack and the
water supply. It gets 60 acre-feet from every 6
inches of snowpack. This year surveyors
measure 6 feet and 4 inches of snow. The district
put that in the linear expression (60 acre-feet/6
inches) * 76 inches. Water officials can expect
760 acre-feet of snowmelt from the water.
Applications of Linear
Equations
• Looking Good
Ralph has also noticed that it's springtime. The
grass has been growing. It grew 2 inches in two
weeks. He doesn't like the grass to be taller than
2 1/2 inches, but he doesn't like to cut it shorter
than 1 3/4 inches. How often does he need to cut
the lawn? He just puts that calculation in his
linear expression, where (14 days/2 inches) * 3/4
inch tells him he needs to cut his lawn every 5
1/4 days. He just ignores the 1/4 and figures he'll
cut the lawn every five days.
Applications of Linear
Equations
• Just for Fun
It's springtime and Irene wants to fill her
swimming pool. She doesn't want to stand there
all day, but she doesn't want to waste water
over the edge of the pool, either. She sees that
it takes 25 minutes to raise the pool level by 4
inches. She needs to fill the pool to a depth of 4
feet; she has 44 more inches to go. She figures
out her linear equation: 44 inches * (25
minutes/4 inches) is 275 minutes, so she knows
she has four hours and 35 minutes more to wait.
Applications of Linear
Equations
• Everywhere
It's not hard to see other similar situations. If you
want to buy beer for the big party and you've got
$60 in your pocket, a linear equation tells you
how much you can afford. Whether you need to
bring in enough wood for the fire to burn
overnight, calculate your paycheck, figure out
how much paint you need to redo the upstairs
bedrooms or buy enough gas to make it to and
from your Aunt Sylvia's, linear equations provide
the answers. Linear systems are, literally,
everywhere.
THAN
K YOU